Racial Marginalization

When a neighborhood is gentrified it will not only change the image of it, but also the services available there (Al-Kodmany 2011, 62-63). In other words, gentrification does not only have an impact on the physical aspect of the land, but also the resources that lie there. During the 90s, the Near West Side neighborhood located near Loop, an up-scale neighborhood, sought drastic changes within the area. The changes in racial demographics in the Near West Side indicated that the health risks that affected minorities dropped in the past decade (1992-2002) (Al-Kodmany 2011,

During the mid-20th century there was much racial discrimination, specifically in home ownership. During this period there was mass immigration of Southern blacks to the north. In Lawndale Chicago, there was adverse reactions to this. As the

Today we live in a society where it is acceptable for a white and black family to be neighbors, even close friends. This situation has not always been the case. During the 1950’s, the time that the Younger family was living in Chicago, whites and blacks were living completely separate lives and a majority of the blacks were living in poverty. Although there are significant improvements we have made, there are still things that remain the same. Many African Americans in Chicago today are still living in poverty, just like they were over 50 years ago. Two important changes have occurred during these years. Our race relations between whites and blacks have improved tremendously. Today it is completely acceptable for two different colored families to be living next door to each other. The second significant change is not as positive. The homicide rates per 100,000 people have gone up by almost 10 times the amount it was in the 50’s. Many sociologist believe that the cycle of multigenerational poverty causes violence in the mostly black communities, therefore raising the homicide rates. Even though as a city we have improved our race relations there are still problems such as the rising homicide rates and percent of people living in poverty.

Chicago is a beautiful city with many different people and things to learn or experience; however, it is a city of segregation, and it has been that way for a long time. Even though it may not be quite visible today, it still happening thorough our city. However, what is so special about ethnicity that people have to hate on each other? Is it because we all are born with different backgrounds or is it because we are raised to hate others? In the history of Chicago’s segregation, we learn about how the whites are seen as the superior beings than others in America. Moreover, we all have seen and learn how race is displayed through our media. Additionally, we all have grown up attaining knowledge from our elders, and we learn about values in life. The society of Chicago are segregated by our history, media, and standards.

Recent events that have highlighted racial tension in the United States have had even a larger number of opinions that vary regarding why the nation continues to struggle with such a challenging issue. In our text Chapter 6 titled “The City/Suburban Divide” (Judd & Swanstrom, 2015, p. 136) identifies a subject that very well may contribute to the tension. A reference to the “urban crisis” describes a landscape that is littered with “high levels of segregation, inequality and poverty, along with racial and ethnic tensions.” (Judd, et al., p. 165) Many scholars argue that the crisis was a result of the demographic changes the nation experienced following World War II as advancements in technology and infrastructure aided White Mobility. The term “White Flight” has been used to describe a massive relocation early in the twentieth century when the White Middle-Class population left the cities for suburban areas following the great migration.

Lilia Fernandez is a Chicago native who rights about how the city’s neighborhoods changed in the 20th century. The history that she describes in her book with the newcomers that have settled within the city’s urban spaces have transformed it now in the 21st century in conjunction with the changes in the racial dynamics and the physical structure that were seen during the 20 year span from 1950-1970. She explores the question of how these tens of thousands of Latinos ended up settling in Chicago. Her work traces the roots of Mexican and Puerto Ricans particularly in terms of their historical roots and their migration, settlement and overall experiences in Chicago. She writes about the neighborhoods they lived (Pilsen, Lincoln Park and Humbolt

how it has faded tremendously from the historic sense of Chicago being a city of strong

In 1836, Bridgeport was born out of the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. This alone “guaranteed Bridgeport 's position as an industrial center,” as it encouraged the creation of lumberyards, manufacturing plants, and packing houses (Bridgeport, Encyclopedia of Chicago, 1). Due to the steady access to employment, many immigrants settled and searched for work in the neighborhood. This translated into a growing foreign ‘white’ population as it “stood as a bastion of white ethnic communities” (1). The population consisted of mostly Irish, German, Norwegian, and Polish immigrants. Most residents had primarily resigned to working within local industry with many individuals, particularly the Irish, saw opportunities for upward mobility through work in municipal government (1). This turned Bridgeport into a political hub producing many individuals that “dominated city government” and most notoriously gave birth to Mayor Richard J. Daley, “[who] controlled one of the most powerful machines in urban America [from 1955] until his death in 1976 (1). However, it was not until the 1960s that Bridgeport experienced a small influx [.02%] of black families moving into the neighborhood (1). By this time “the Supreme Court of the United States declared restrictive covenants unenforceable in the courts…[and] change in Chicago race relations had been hastened by the national trend toward desegregation and ‘integration’” (St. Clair Drake and Cayton, 1607,

In Waldinger, Roger and Mehdi Bozorgmehr, eds. 1996. Ethnic Los Angeles, they write about population changes due to immigration and how these changes effect the communities in L.A. Similarly, the migration from the south to the north created an ethnic transformation in Harlem and helped Harlem become a vibrant cosmopolitan metropolis. By interacting on a regular basis around shared experiences created strong bonds that formed over

Racial segregation has had a long history in Chicago. While separation by nationality had always been apparent in the city, with neighborhoods typically being dominated by a certain ethnicity, no group of Chicagoans experienced the degree of segregation that African Americans faced in everything from the housing districts to public services. Forced to live only in designated areas by de facto segregation, redlining, and other tactics, they had limited chances to escape the cycle of danger and discrimination of the city. Confined to only their deteriorating neighborhoods,they had little chance.

What was the most definitive legislative act of marginalization directed at African-Americans prior to 1865?

The purpose of this assignment is to investigate the relationship between race and ethnicity then connecting them to crime and victimization. In order to understand why these topics relate to each other, one must understand the history and intention of crime statistics’ creation. In the early 19th century, L.N. Robinson is was the first to analyze crime statistics and explains that their purpose is to acquire a full understanding of the extent of crimes in a given location. The second purpose of crime statistics is to understand, if there is any, shifts or changes in crime waves. For this assignment, the main data source will come from the 2014 UCR, and the 2014 NCVS.

Do Americans feel like there is still racial discrimination in today's everyday life? Racial discrimination is treating someone differently because of the color of his or her skin. Racial discrimination has been around for a long time. There are laws that are supposed to protect non whites from being racially discriminated against but these laws are not applied to everyone equally. There are a lot of different types of discrimination such as gender and age but the main type is racial. Racial discrimination still exist in America based on discrimination at work, police brutality, and arrest rates.

With time, there were successful European families that were eventually able to migrate from the slums into the white American suburbs. This led to increased ethnic divisions in the vicinities and cities became more racially distant. In some cities that were mostly dominated by blacks, there was increased urban unrest and the whites kept a safe distance from the blacks (Desmond and Emirbayer, 172) and racialized neighborhoods became more salient.

Marginalization of minority groups has been a problem in the United States for a quite a long time. Even the government and the society have set some rules and constraints against certain minority groups in the United States. One of the minority groups is the homosexual groups. Many states of United States marginalized the issue of same sex marriage so much that they placed ban on same sex marriage. In those states, even the police officers treat same sex marriage people as criminal because of their sexual preference. Another minority groups is the disability groups. The disable people experience prejudices and faced various discriminatory treatment from the government. So like the disable people, many other minority groups face the health disparities. In the ariticle, “Culturally Based Explanations of Minority Students' Academic Achievement” it was mentioned that minority groups are classified as autonomous, immigrant, or caste-like in the political view of the society (Trueba, 1). Stereotyping from the government and social groups is also are common problem faced by the minority group.