Reasons In Literature : Analysis Of James-Lange Theory Of Emotions

In class we discussed the three main theories of emotion: the James Lange, Cannon Bard, and the Two Factor. The James Lange theory believes people's emotions follow, rather than cause, behavioral reactions to situations. The Cannon-Bard theory suspects emotions accompany the bodily responses that are aroused by an external stimulus. Similarly, the Two Factor theory believes an emotion is

Charles Darwin was the first scientist to ever study animals in a systematic way (Bekoff “The Emotional Lives” 6). In his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Darwin discussed the

His findings helped psychologist gain knowledge in how facial expressions play an important part in human interactions. His work helps doctors identify when patients are being deceitful and prevent them from harming themselves in the future. Today, Ekman continues to be an influential leader in the field of psychology. He has developed training programs to help people decipher people’s emotions, help people enhance their relationships with others and help people develop a sense of empathy for others. In addition to his work Ekman is an active consultant on emotional expression to judges, lawyers, government agencies such as the FBI and CIA.

Identify which theory of emotion you think is the most valid. What makes this theory more valid to you than the others? Identify which theory of emotion you think is least valid. What makes this theory less valid? Your response should be at least 300 hundred words. The four major theories of emotion: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard Facial-feedback and Schechter’s two-factor; emphasize different sequences or aspects of the three elements of emotion cognitions, arousal and expression. The Cannon-Bard theory is most valid in my opinion, the theory holds that all emotions are physiologically similar and arousal, cognitions, and expression occur simultaneously. Arousal is not necessary in this theory. Both Cannon and Bard propose the Thalamus gland in the brain sends signals to the cerebral cortex and the ANS; in return the messages to the cortex produce the cognitive experience of emotion. In contrast, the Facial-feedback theory is the main culprit of our emotions, I do not agree with this theory; I believe facial expressions are a result of what we are feeling inside within our emotions. The face is what we can associate to a specific feeling or emotion. That is how we can tell when someone is feeling sad, or is afraid. I believe each theory holds a bit of truth, but to which one is completely right I s not possible. They are theories and they can be tested and tried and the most positive and negative reports concluded, but they can never be proven. Out of these four theories,

The four major theories of emotion are the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, the Schacter-Singer theory, and the Lazarus theory. The James-Lange theory claims that an event first causes physiological arousal and also a physical response.  It is not until then that the person interprets the physical response as an emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that emotion -provoking stimuli are received by the senses and are then relayed simultaneously to the cerebral cortex, which provides the conscious mental experience of the emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, which produces the physiological state of arousal. The Schacter-Singer theory states that for an emotion to occur there must first be a physiological arousal, and second there must be an explanation for the arousal. The Lazarus theory is the theory that an emotion-provoking stimulus triggers a cognitive appraisal, which is followed by the emotion and physiological arousal. The most valid theory of emotion is the Cannon-Bard theory. He says that being afraid of something not only constitutes emotional fear, but it also brings about a rapid heartbeat. Concurring with the Cannon-Bard theory, we have a many different nerve systems within the human body that can be triggered simultaneously. This theory is more valid then the rest simply because of the adrenaline that is release into your body when excited or in the mist of eminent danger. The

This study was about all of our emotions and how they compare to different cultures. Paul Ekman and Friesen did this study to prove that emotions are the same across many cultures. They looked closely at the cultures that have been isolated from the Western and Eastern cultures. They chose the tribe South Fore, they are a group in New Guinea who have existed as a Stone Age Society. This tribe has had very minimal communication with the Western Culture and only see emotions from their own tribe people. Ekman and Friesen chose people from the Fore group that did not speak English or Pidgin, never worked as a Westerner, and never lived in the Western communities. They chose 189 adults and 130 children while also choosing 23 adults who had experienced what the Western society was all about. They presented these individuals with brief stories and three facial expressions to match with the stories. The participants had to choose the facial expression that fits best according to the story they just read. Ekman and Friesen discovered that there were no significant differences between the Fore group and the Westernized group. They both mainly chose the same emotions for each story. The children

“The Mystery of Motivation” appeared in the January-February 2017 article written by Gary Drevitch, who is a senior editor for Psychology Today. Drevitch a Yale graduate, currently resides in New York City with his wife and three kids. His previous work includes senior editor at PBS, Time Inc., Scholastic and Parade Publications, and is the former editor-in-chief of Grandparents.com and an AOL blogger on weight loss and nutrition.

Social constructionists argue that because emotion is a phenomenon deeply incorporated in the culture, it is not possible to understand emotion as universal conception. In addition to culture-bound emotions like “amea”, most common emotions also have their culture-specific presentation. Evolutionary psychology, on the other hand, argues that the psychological mechanisms are innate and present in all human beings. Therefore, emotion can be universal. Mallon and Stitch argue that this dispute about the universality of emotion between social constructionists and evolutionary psychologists originate from the “disagreement about the meaning and the reference of the emotion terms.”(146,Mallon and Stitch) Further, the disagreement can be resolved by taking a “thick description theory” which entails opulent description theory and high accuracy. With a thick description theory, the social constructionists first agree that ethnopsychology contributed significantly to mental state terms, and also that the claims must be “true of mental states”(148,Mallon and Stitch) Therefore, neither does “song” exist in American culture, not does “anger” exist in Ifaluk culture. In this sense, once it is acknowledged that ethonopsychology is different crosss culture, and that social constructionism and evolutionary psychologists both have their own way of dealing with meaning and reference of the emotion terms, the seemingly obvious different between social construction and evolutionary psychology would not hinder their study on

"Ira Roseman's cognitive theory (1984), has five appraisal components that can produce 14 discrete emotions. The appraisal components and the different values each component can take are motivational state (appetite, aversive), situational state (motive-consistent, motive-inconsistent), probability (certain, uncertain, unknown), power (strong, weak), and agency (self-caused, other-caused, circumstance-caused.)" Non-Cognitive Theories These "defend the claim that judgments or appraisals are not part of the emotion process. "

According to this theory, I would know that I was afraid because of my racing heart and shaking with fright. But this arousal can be related to multiple emotions. This theory does not include how cognition affects our experience of emotion. (Myers, DeWall)

Analyzing research methods used for uncovering basic emotions applied to the Cannon-Bard emotion theory and Drive reduction arousal theory. The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is a stimulating event takes place, emotional, and physiological changes occur (Changing Minds, 2010). A person may feel muscular tension as well as sweating to the situation. A research method associated with the Cannon-Bard emotion theory would be the evolution theory. This method is an idea where emotion aids species survival (Decker, 2010). An example: A person is hiking through the woods approaches a snake. The appearance of the snake evokes fear, which in return causes the emotional experience. Fear produces behavior and emotion to run, muscular tension, or possibly cry. The emotion evoked by the predator or event causes the survival. The Drive reduction arousal theory is an approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises. Arousal is the source of emotions. Second, arousal is the impetus for attending to

The first concept that applies psychology is the Anxiety disorder. Some may wonder how do we rule the psychological concept as a disorder? Many psychologists agree that an emotion is the most diverse concept in psychology because they don’t generally last as long. The psychological concept states that an emotion can be subjective or can have inner experience. According to Charles Darwin, the evolutionary perspective seeks to understand the

Jane Austen has been said to be one of the greatest authors in English literature however she reached her celebrity status only long after she died. This was mainly because many of her contemporary critics believed her to be too little concerned with current events of the time . Emerson for instance said that the one problem in the mind of Austen in both the stories he had read, Persuasion and Pride and Prejudice, was marriageableness . Since then many people all over the world have studied her novels , all of which do describe the female protagonists’ journey to happiness –by marrying the male protagonist in the end, as Emerson said. Although to a certain extent “marriageableness” is essentially what Austen’s novels are about,

Paul Ekman was influenced by Charles Darwin’s book titled, The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, originally published in 1872. Charles Darwin used photos, drawings and body postures from animals and humans and compared them with facial expressions and emotions. For instance, a growling dog has many facial features similar to an angry human. “Darwin argued that the existence of these similarities demonstrates that emotional expression must have evolved through natural selection in the same way that other characteristics evolved. He further contended that the expressions must serve a function; they enhance survival of the organism”. (Reevy, G. 2010 Encyclopedia of Emotion (Vol. 2, pp. 410-411). I believe

For my topic I chose to talk about affective behaviors of humans and animals. I chose this topic because I thought it would be interesting to see why humans and animals act the way they do. During this paper we will look at multiple cases and other research about affective neuroscience in humans and animals. The outcome of this paper is for you as well as I to gain some insight on why we involuntary act the way we do.