Responsibility to protect (R2P) is a less than straightforward policy which states that
nations are obligated to protect their citizens from genocide, war crimes, crimes against
humanity and ethnic cleansing; further, the international community has permission to act to help
other nations when governments are incapable or neglectful of protecting their citizens. I was
first introduced to the R2P doctrine in SISU 280 International Organizations and it relates daily
to the work I do at Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC). CIVICs mission is to improve
protection for civilians caught in conflicts around the world. CIVIC staff advise international
organizations, governments, militaries, and armed non-state actors to adopt
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Yet
the Obama Administration seems reticent to act in defense of Syrians under R2P. When making
the case for airstrikes, he has stressed the need to enforce the worldwide ban on the use and
production of chemical weapons. “When there’s a breach this brazen of a norm this important,
and the international community is paralyzed and frozen and doesn’t act, then that norm begins
to unravel,” Obama warned in a news conference at the G-20 summit in St. Petersburg
(“Remarks by President Obama in a Press Conference at the G20”). While the Syrian conflict has
metastasized and garnered further international attention, the United States has not rallied the
international community to help civilians.
Of course, as my International Organizations instructor mentioned, R2P is not the only
tool the administration has to address gross human rights violations. International officials say
their policy is to work aggressively to stop such crimes, though not necessarily through the prism
of R2P. Asked about the doctrine at her July confirmation hearing to be ambassador to the
United Nations, Samantha Power said it is “less important, I think, than U.S. practice and U.S.
policy, which is that when civilians are being murdered by their governments or by non-state
actors, it’s incumbent on us to look to
State Crimes are defined as “acts that are largely committed, instigated or condoned by governments and their officials” (International State Crime initiative). These crimes are considered to be very serious crimes in society today, due to the fact that they are either committed or condoned by governmental personnel with the aim of achieving certain goals. Having said that, scholars today do not have the knowledge of how important these crimes are since it violate international and criminal law within that state. Eugene McLaughlin identified four categories of state crime; Political crimes, crimes by security, economic crimes and social and cultural crimes. However, I will focus on the two that are more widely acknowledged Political crime is corruption and censorship, a state has the right to label a behaviour as political crime if it’s seen as a threat to the state. Crime by security has to do with genocide and torture, a great example of crime by security is the Rwanda Genocide that occurred in 1994 which ended up killing 800,000 citizens in just a few weeks. According to Grabosky and Stohl (2010), state crimes can be divided into six main types; State terror against another state, state terror against private interests, State facilitation of another state’s terrorism, state terror against its own citizens, state facilitation of private actors and political terror scale. In this essay, I will be mainly concentrating on the Rwanda Genocide, Libyan civil war of 2011 and
A duty of care is the requirement that all health and social care professionals, and organisations providing health and care services, must put the interests of the people who use their services first. They also have to do everything in their power to keep people safe from harm. People have a right to expect that when a professional is providing support, they will be kept safe and not be neglected or exposed to any unnecessary risks. The expression is that we ‘owe’ a duty of care to the people we work with. ‘Owe’ is a useful word to describe the nature of the duty of care because it is just like a debt. It is something that you must pay as a part of choosing to become a
Syria’s civil war is the worst humanitarian crisis of modern time. The “Syrian Civil war Began in March of 2011, between rebel brigades and government force; economy and infrastructure is destroyed” (Library, 2016). “Divisions between secular and religious fighters, and between ethnic groups, continue to complicate the politics of the conflict” (Corps, 2016). Additionally, the Syrian civil war has taken a significant
This memo seeks to offer insight into the current emergency in Syria and how it threatens the security of US. It is hoped that it will help shape US foreign policy for Syria with the aim of protecting Americans from acts of terrorism and at the same time save the lives of Syrians.
President Obama attempts to gain the support of the Conservative population through a more logical approach, detailing the potential consequences of his actions or lack thereof to our nation 's credibility. He begins his appeal to the Right with a warning that “[dictators] depend upon the world to look the other way until those horrifying pictures fade from memory”. This means that if were to do nothing, as Assad hopes, he will likely attack more and commit more war crimes. With more war crimes, President Obama points out that it “is not only a violation of international law, it’s also a danger to our security”. Because American conservatives are traditionally more isolationist, they are less likely to agree with President Obama 's plea to intervene. Though, he argues if we let Assad continue, we will likely be threatening our own safety. The reason it would threaten our national safety, President Obama says, is that “as the ban against these weapons erodes, other tyrants will have no reason to think twice about acquiring poison gas, and using them”. The
President Obama’s tactics in Syria is much different than President’s Bush’s tactics in Iraq. In August 2013, Obama seeked Congress approval on military action in Syria after the Syrian government used chemical attacks that killed over a thousand innocent civilians. On September 11, 2013, military action was placed on hold
Until this event, American president Donald Trump had been following in Obama’s footsteps by ramping up his bombing campaign against IS. After the chemical attack however, Trump publically said “My attitude toward Syria and Assad has changed very much” and just days later, he launched his strategic attack (Myre, 2017).
Because the Syrian civil war is one of the worst crisis’ in history with more than 22 thousand people killed and 11 million forced to flee.[i]
n ambassador Dennis Ross’ lecture on the challenges of the US in the Middle East, Ross stressed the challenges that the Trump presidency will faced with. The Trump presidency like many administrations in the past is involved with a crisis or major war. However, this presidency has been lucky enough to already be faced with two issues at the same time. This signals the most difficult presidential position since the Reagan administration. The Trump presidency will be facing two different proxy-wars. With one issue of Yemen and the other being the rising combatant conflict in Syria. Worse yet, the Syria conflict includes several components of enemies that add to its extremity. Terrorist groups such as ISIS involvement, to Assad, to the close Russian
Nuclear bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, not answering the call for help in Rwanda, allowing Germany to take over Czechoslovakia, supporting the creation of the state of Israel, giving out loans (with interest) to developing countries, and the creation of the United Nations are all forms of international interference and cooperation amongst states. When looking at these examples and many more, it begs the question, does morality play a role in international affairs of a state? George Kennan, a prominent Skeptic, would argue that in international politics “other criteria, sadder, more limited, more practical, must be allowed to prevail.”
This article is placed in The New York Times, a popular place for Americans to get their daily news. So this article is targeted at the American citizens who keep up with the current news and stay up to date on what is happening in their country. Ever since Donald trump has been elected president the people of America always want to know what he has done or said because he has a history or doing and saying some pretty rash things. On the contrary, this article has told people that he has not said anything pertaining to the situations in Syria. This is certainly an odd occurrence that our normally outspoken president would remain so silent on a topic that is so
On the other hand, a U.S. military intervention is unlikely to happen since the U.S. cannot afford, politically or economically, an unsecured contribution to the Syrian war for an unpredictable period of time, especially after Obama’s foreign policy has been focused on ending all military involvements in Iraq and Afghanistan. The U.S. army hasn’t seemed to rest from the wounds of the two major past war, and veteran families were promised that military interventions will end, which makes the issue of intervention in Syria even more complicated for the U.S.
Is the use of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons in war ethical? Is there an appropriate time to use them? A dilemma will later be presented for consideration. Different ethical theories can either support or oppose the use of CBW depending on the circumstances. However, chemical, biological and nuclear agents are dangerous, uncontrollable and undifferentiating weapons of mass destructions. Actions must be taken to see that there are no future instances of use during war. However, before one discusses the legal and ethical issues involved with CBW, one must understand what chemical, biological and nuclear weapons are and how they function.
“What then is freedom? The power to live as one wishes” (CITE CITE CITE). Syrian people have lost their freedom, and have been living in fear since the Syrian Civil War broke out in 2011. The horrific civil war has been going on for years. There was a rebellion against the Syrian government six years ago starting the civil war. Ever since then innocent civilians have been hurting and suffering. Syrian people have been drug away from their homes and are living in anguish. The controversy on how the United States should help Syrian people has formed over the years. The media has started to cover the Syrian civil war more, and it has shown the world how much Syrian people are hurting. Americans have started to realize that these people need help, but the question of how to help is still under discussion. Some people believe that America should use organizations to donate money and supplies to the people in need. They believe that with the help of money and food that the people will be okay. Other people believe that America should send in U.S troops to help end the fighting.
Norms are expectations of behaviour and a vital part of the international community (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998, 887). In the anarchic system of international politics, norms can provide stability and unity due to certain expectations, as well as implement change when norm shifts restructure the international community (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998, 894). Therefore, the process that enables a norm to be accepted internationally is an important one to analyze and understand. In order for a norm to become international, the most important factors are shared moral assessment and hegemonic acceptance of the norm.