Reviewing Research Methods & Basic Statistics, Entering Data, and Analysis
Research interests are primarily in the area of marketing and k-12 education; however, with everything that is happening this moment I have not had an opportunity to focus on a specific area nor the topic. However, if I had to pick an area, it would perhaps be in education as it concerns the development of new technology and k-12 students’ ability to read.
Perhaps four variables that would be assessed: a.) new technology developed to monitor and evaluate students reading ability (e.g., Fast Forward, Star Reader). b.) The alignment and cost to implement these new and developing technologies. C.) the level of achievement, e.g., grade, or level achieved by students
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Below, visualize the following components as they build a contour shape of the hourglass. BEGIN WITH BROAD QUESTIONS
NARROW DOWN, FOCUS IN
OPERATIONALIZE
ANALYZE THE DATA
REACH CONCLUSIONS
GENERALIZE BACK TO QUESTIONS
Figure 1The Hourglass Notion of Research
The well-formulated hypothesis will provide the vision of where the research may be directed, as well as the problem, theory, or perhaps just a need to understand something. Moreover, the hypothesis aids in identifying e.g. objective, abstract concepts, and relationships. Furthermore, the research question may additionally be referenced as being either deductive or inductive. Although both deductive and inductive are associative in its use of a hypothesis, the focus is different for both. Below are examples of a null and an alternative hypothesis.
Null hypothesis
What is the difference in the growth of reading ability when students use technology as opposed to reading books?
Alternative hypothesis
What component or components that increased the effect of the reading ability?
However, the researcher in this complex situation may find it conducive to use correlation. Correlation permits the researcher to identify between relative variables within the project of concern. Conducting an observation, the researcher is able to gather data of greater confidence. The investigator will be better able to collect and use
Null hypothesis is always predicts that there is no relationship between the variables being studied. Null hypothesis may develop when one think different from other and express their own idea about some situation and problems. Null hypothesis may try to explain that there is no relationship between the two measured phenomena or no difference among the group. Alternative hypothesis simply seek to understand the difference among the varieties of problem during the time of research. Research hypothesis is derived from some type of theory or some observation and examination. In other words, the hypothesis set upon the basis of theory or prior observation on logical
Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology for the research and the preference of the audience to receive the research. A researcher must be able to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used (Pajares 2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative hypothesis.
Refer as needed to the material in Chapters 12 and 13 of the textbook. Keep the following tips in mind as you research data, as well as organize, analyze, interpret, and illustrate these data:
Select one (1) project from your working or educational environment that you would use the hypothesis test technique. Next, propose the hypothesis structure (e.g., the null hypothesis, data collection process, confidence interval, test statistics, reject or not reject the decision, etc.) for the business process of the selected project. Provide a rationale for your response.
This article analyzed the positive experiences of twelve individuals who had visible differences (Egan et al 2011, p. 739). This study discovered four main elements that helped people to interpret their related experiences in a positive way. Generally, it can be seen that the authors applied interpretive social science (Neuman 2006, p. 87) to produce this study to capture participants’ experiences and feelings. There are some advantages that can be yielded by utilizing this perspective. Firstly, the authors were able to understand individuals’ different social lives. The complex social factors can be extracted to interpret participants’ feelings and emotions from their personal experiences. It was
Step 1: During this step of hypothesis testing, the query is stated again as a research theory and a null theory regarding the populations. The null and research hypothesizes are the opposites of each other. This step is necessary because it explains the theory and recognizes the populations, which will be worked throughout the study.
In this essay I will describe correlation is a measure of association as well as describe different methods of establishing a correlation between variables. In this essay I will also explain advantages and disadvantages of each method, were each must be applied, and provide particular circumstances and examples in which a researcher may want to establish correlation
There is also a lack of direction in the hypothesis that aims to explore the positive or negative correlation of the independent or dependent variable. Furthermore, the hypothesis is a factual statement that can be immediately verified after a quick search on the Internet.
Research hypothesis/question: Studies to prove that breast milk has beneficial qualities, breastfeeding rates remain low (Lin, Chien, Tai, & Lee, 2008.) Many factors can influence this rate. Education, support, confidence, community, and the health care system can affect successful breastfeeding. Shu-Shan Lin, Li-Yin Chien, Chen-Jei Tai, and Ching-Fang Lee composed a research article regarding prenatal breastfeeding education. A critique of their study titled, “Effectiveness of a prenatal education programme on breastfeeding outcomes in Taiwan” will follow.
Correlational research is the relationship between two variables which lead us to understand how one thing relates to another. As we know, science is constantly creating new studies. Some are true while some are false. To trust on a research claim, other factors needs to be taken into consideration.
The essential elements within the structure of a hypothesis is identification and writing a declarative sentence that is written in the present tense that supports or negates the research problem. The essential elements within the hypothesis declarative statement are identifying the population to be studied, reflecting on the problem statement or research question, delineating the variables, and can be empirically tested.
Students at the Trident University MAE504 course are taught to develop principles and techniques to conduct research in education. Understanding the different research methods gives greater appreciation for the importance of research. This paper will take a research question and go through the process of identifying the aspects of research that will help meaningfully answer that question to generalize the results to students and educators alike. Among the topics will include the research methodology, the variables, the sample population, and the data collection and analysis.
A hypothesis is a statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment or research. Every experiment must have a hypothesis statement which shows the aim of an experiment. It is usually an educated guess and indicates the expectations of a researcher. Carrying out a number of experiments, can either approve or disapprove a hypothesis(Moschopoulos & Davidson, 1985). A hypothesis is formed after literature study has been finished and the problem of the study stated. There are different types of hypothesis these include, Inductive hypothesis, based on specific observation, deductive hypothesis provides evidence that expands, supports or contradicts a theory. Non-directional hypothesis states the relationship or difference between variables, directional hypothesis defines the desired direction of the relation or difference between the variables. Null hypothesis states that there is either a significant difference between variables or no significant relationship between the variables(Dembo & Peres, 1994).
The purpose of this assignment is to introduce you to gathering, analysing and reporting research data. The focus is on examining Piaget’s concepts in a practical way. It links to your achievement of the Unit Outcomes 3 and 4:
much simpler for the students to publish their own work on the internet. When it comes to learning how to improve reading skills, many programs exist, one of the better being Reader Rabbit, which uses games to disguise drill-and-practice routines to help students improve reading ability. All of these are examples of how technology has positively affected Language Arts education.