Sbux Essay

After conducting an experiment, Pavlov realized that not only the dog physically eating the food set off the chemical reaction in its body, but so did the appearance of the bowl or the smell of the food (Saunders 48). From this hypothesis, he formulated the experiments that would later be known as classical conditioning (Krapp). Pavlov created five more experiments which significantly helped in proving his hypothesis (Saunders 50-51). In his first experiment, Pavlov would make a neutral sound and then present the food immediately after (Saunders 47). Saunders said, “Pavlov was interested in studying not the behavior of the dog in response to a stimulus such as food, but the automatic changes in the dog’s body in response to the stimulus (the reflex)” (Saunders 45). After this first experiment Pavlov realized that over time, if the animal heard the sound, it would have the same reaction as if it had just been fed. The dogs would drool and secrete stomach juices as if they were being fed, although the chemical makeup of the juices was different than if the animal actually ate the food (Saunders 48). In his next experiment, he found that a similar, not identical, sound would also trigger a reaction in the dog. This is called “stimulus generation". By contrast, his third experiment showed that he could teach a dog that a certain note from tuning a fork meant that it would get food, and another note would mean it did not get food. This is known as “stimulus discrimination”. During his fourth experiment, he realized that he could get the same reaction by creating another conditional stimulus. For example, he would pair a whistle with hand claps. For his final experiment, he would present the stimulus multiple times without giving the dog food. Eventually, the dog would not respond to the stimulus. This is known as extinction (Saunders 50-51).

2. The nurse is doing preconception counseling with a 28-year old woman with no prior pregnancies. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates to

D-The patient arrived on time for her session. Reports stable on her dose. This writer discussed about tapering off on her methadone, at which the patient is willing to consider doing, but needs more time. She then says, " I might consider doing it next month, but not right now......I was doing it before, but it stopped....just want to take my time." The patient then discussed about having to go to SSA to obtain the payment for the funeral cost. The patient is upset about the small amount she is about to receive. This writer discussed the grieving process of her loss of her husband and also, her mother in law. The patient appeared to be annoyed with her son for not participating in his grandmother funeral arrangement and also, not showing

D-The patient arrived on time for her appointment and this writer apologized for meeting with the patient late as this writer was meeting with another patient prior, which interefere with this patient appointment time. The patient was clearly understanding and waited patiently. Reports stable on her dose. Denies cravings/withdrawals. However, the patient is still actively using and reported, it has nothing to do with withdrawals or cravings. The patient is unable to provide a proper reason for her use, besides shrugging her shoulder as she says, " i do not know why." Patient last used was yesterday, cocaine- $40 worth. The patient then reported, she only uses cocaine less then once a month. This writer addressed alternatives.

In 1903 a Russian physiologist by the name of Ivan Pavlov first developed an experiential model of learning called Classical Conditioning (Lautenheiser 1999). An example if Classical Conditioning would be ringing a bell when it is time for your pet to eat. The pet hears the bell and over time is conditioned that when the bell rings its dinner time thus begins to salivate, and eventually learns to be conditioned to responding to the bell in a specific manner. The bases was that neutral stimulus would be put together with an excitatory one and over time the neutral stimulus would, at some point down the line elicit the response that was associated with the original unlearned response. Pavlov later added an element known as the nonexcitatory, conditioned stimulus which is but together with an unconditioned stimulus (Lautenheiser 1999).

D-The patient arrived on time for his session. Reports stable on his dose and wants to continue with voluntary taper. The patient located a home in Enfield, CT for $92,000 and is waiting to hear from the bank. The patient discussed the goals for the home renovation. This writer congratulate the patient on locating a home of his liking. Furthermore, the patient report work is busy and nothing really much change. During the course of the session. this writer discussed the patient's next step to his recovery process as the patient wants to do a blind taper. This writer reviewed the patient's recent tx plan and then proceed to discussed his goals. According to the patient, if he was to lose his employment, it will be a major impact whereas

Although classical conditioning is something that most people experience in a daily basis, it may also be the first thing someone remembers in a day. According to Olson and Hergenhahn (2009) classical conditioning is defined as a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. In this paper the subject is to describe the theory of classical conditioning as well as describing a scenario in which one could apply classical conditioning theory to, and bring forth the scenario by showing illustrations of how this could be used

C. The relatives like boyfriend and husband, are likely to feel burden about the patient.

The concept of classical conditioning may prove very useful in understanding some students' emotional responses to instructional events. For instance, as demonstrated by renowned psychologist Ivan Pavlov via his experiments with dogs, classical conditioning may cause organisms to associate unrelated events with each other, merely due to the temporal proximity of these events.

The statement that all human reflexes are because of interactions with the environment encapsulates the whole idea of behavioristic psychology. Some of these interactions come from conditioning, more specifically operant conditioning and classical conditioning. The focus of this report will be classical conditioning. Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov was the researcher who defined classical conditioning with his famous experiment that involved dogs associating salivation with a bell.

Classical conditioning is the repeated association of events (neutral and unconditioned stimulus) until the neutral stimulus starts to produce a conditioned response that it otherwise would not produce. This association is reflexive and requires no thinking while allowing the prediction of future events due to the presentation of a conditioned stimulus (formally neutral) creating the expectation of the other event following. There are two types of classical conditioning; excitatory conditioning and inhibitory conditioning. Excitatory conditioning is positive and allows prediction and expectation of the unconditioned stimulus. While Inhibitory is negative as it results in behaviours that normally happen, such as salivating (conditioned response) being actively suppressed (Schwartz, 1995).

Spontaneous recovery from extinction is one of the most basic phenomena of Pavlovian conditioning. Although it can be studied by using a variety of designs, some procedures are better than others for identifying the involvement of underlying learning processes. A wide range of different learning mechanisms has been suggested as being engaged by extinction, most of which have implications for the nature of spontaneous recovery. However, despite the centrality of the notion of spontaneous recovery to the understanding of extinction, the empirical literature on its determinants is relatively sparse and quite mixed. Its very ubiquity suggests that spontaneous recovery has multiple

response and once the dog is already adapted to this association, it will happen naturally

Classical conditioning is a multiple procedure that initially involves presenting an unconditional stimuli which elicits an unconditioned response (course outline page 79 2016). The theory of classical conditioning was an experiment done by Ivan Pavlov which focused on behaviourism... The main key concepts that will be discussed in the essay will include Conditioned stimulus (CS) and Conditional Response (CR). As well as, Extinction, Spontaneous recovery, Stimulus generalization, higher order and second order conditioning. The essay will also explain the theory behind Pavlov’s classical conditioning and how it can be used in a classroom with examples to give further detail, as Pavlov’s theory has become the basis of modern day learning/ teaching.

In the 19th century, there was a famous Russian physiologist who created the theory of the conditioned reflex. His name was Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Ivan Pavlov conducted a well-known experiment for teaching a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a bell when presented with food. This experiment led Ivan Pavlov to become known for his development on Classical Conditioning, which captured the attention of everyone, especially physiologist and psychologist. Ivan Pavlov was born September, 14, 1849 in Russia. Ivan Pavlov’s father was a priest and his mother was a homemaker. Initially, Pavlov studied theology by shadowing his father’s path. Later in the 1860’s, he abandoned his religious studies after reading Charles Darwin’s book (Windholz, 1997, p.941). Darwin greatly influenced Pavlov, so much so that he began a new pursuit in the interest in science. In 1870, Ivan Pavlov attended the University of Saint Petersburg where he studied natural science and physiology. In the establishment of the institute of experimental medicine, Pavlov helped to facilitate the department of physiology (Windholz, 1997, p.941). For 45 year, Pavlov supervised and devoted his time and efforts to the research program. During Pavlov’s career, there were three major conflicts focus by Pavlov that led to his animal research. This includes the nerves of the heart, digestive glands in which Pavlov won a worldwide recognition and a Nobel Prize in 1904 and condition reflexes. (Schultz & Schultz,