Schematic Diagram For Izod And Charpy Impact Test

Crumple zones are designed to absorb the energy from the impact during a traffic collision by controlled deformation. This energy is much greater than is commonly realized. A 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) car travelling at 60 km/h (37 mph) (16.7 m/s), before crashing into a thick concrete wall, is subject to the same impact force as a front-down drop from a height of 14.2 m (47 ft) crashing on to a solid concrete surface. Increasing that speed by 50% to 90 km/h (56 mph) (25 m/s) compares to a fall from 32 m (105 ft) - an increase of 125%. This is because the stored kinetic energy (E) is given by E = (1/2) mass × speed squared. It increases by the square of the impact velocity.

This report is to highlight the methods, results and theory relevant during an engineering experiment called “cold rolling of metals". The purpose of this report is to show how readings obtained from the set-out experiment, can be evaluated to determine the behavior of 3 selected materials; Brass, Copper and Aluminium through the process of cold rolling. The form of the materials are in small strips which are processed via cold-rolling method 4 times from their original state to evaluate the effects incurred on hardness values, width, length and thicknesses. Hardness values/vickers numbers are determined for each material using a Vickers hardness tester and the measurements of width, length & thickness taken using a vernier

For the second test, a constant stress of 5MPa was applied while the temperature was increased inside the furnace of the DMA setup. This was achieved by heating the sample to one temperature for 10 minutes and holding at that temperature while the constant stress was applied, then heating again and holding, and so on. Strain was again recorded at constant time intervals for each temperature.

  To understand mechanisms of the fracture of brittle materials (in this case, glass) To recognize the variations in deformation and failure mechanisms which occur with a difference in flaw size, (i.e. between scratched and unscratched samples) Defining flaw sizes in glass plates by employing linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) Utilizing the Weibull statistics approach in predicting probable failure in brittle materials.

We used this equation along with the force and displacement data to determine the normal stress of the rod when it was axially loaded. P is the applied load and A is the cross sectional area of our sample.

In order to measure the work of fracture (WOF), the Izod impact test was carried out.Impact bars were obtained by cutting specimens in rectangular shapes. These rectangular specimens are of thickness 3 mm, width 12 mm and length 62 mm according to ASTM D 256.The test was carried out with impact energy of 5 J and a span length of 60 mm at room temperature. The average value of notched Izod impact energy was obtained from each group of three specimens

For tests conducted on specimens in the laboratory, the instrument is orient within 5° of vertical with the bottom of the piston at right angles to and in firm contact with the surface of the test specimen. A guide may be used to ensure the rebound hammer is positioned for optimum performance. Position the hammer not less than one diameter from the edge of the specimen.

Principal Investigator Dr. Roy Xu (US citizen) worked as an aerospace structural engineer in China. He came to the US and received his Ph.D. in Aeronautics and Materials Science from California Institute of Technology in 2002. He started his interdisciplinary faculty career as a civil engineering faculty at Vanderbilt University, and a mechanical and aerospace engineering faculty at University of Texas at El Paso and New Mexico State University (NMSU). His honor and award include an Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Award in 2003, and a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 2012. He is the Chair of the ASME Fracture and Failure Mechanics Technical Committee. As an author of 46 journal papers,

Citarella et al in 2010 [4] Worked on Comparison of DBEM and FEM crack path predictions in a notched shaft under torsion, they analyzed that the rather

The two salient damage mechanisms that were observed included cracking and deformation, exemplified in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respectively. Figure 5 shows a section of the surface crack that emerged after thermal shock and the bridging that has discontinued the crack, as well as the enlargement of the crack tips which seems branch-like, as expected [21].

This tool is used in all stages of productions for the quality control of samples and its uses are very extensive which makes it distinctive from other

The stress-strain behavior could vary from brittle, plastic and highly elastic. Tensile strength and modulus are orders of magnitude smaller than those of metals and elongation is 1000 % that of metals in a few cases. The tensile strength is defined at the fracture point and can be lower than the yield strength.

measure performance. This data is usually performed in a lab where the environment can be

Testing judge the quality of the products. After testing we can realize that the products is good for use or not.

Out of the three selected metal samples (Copper, lead and aluminum), an educated guess would believe that copper should change the most in temperature due to it being known to be very conductive. Aluminum would be the sample that has the least change in number considering the fact that aluminum sheets is used all the time in ovens for baking and due to process of elimination lead should be in the middle of which sample will the most change in temperature the most.