Schematic Diagram For Izod And Charpy Impact Test

Measuring Length and Diameter: We used a dial caliper to measure length and diameter. For the initial diameter, we took three measurements and averaged them to get our value. After tensile testing and the specimen broke we followed the same procedures to measure our final diameter. We initially marked two inches as our length on the dog bone specimen using the dial caliper. After testing, we held our specimen together and measured our final length.

Crumple zones are designed to absorb the energy from the impact during a traffic collision by controlled deformation. This energy is much greater than is commonly realized. A 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) car travelling at 60 km/h (37 mph) (16.7 m/s), before crashing into a thick concrete wall, is subject to the same impact force as a front-down drop from a height of 14.2 m (47 ft) crashing on to a solid concrete surface. Increasing that speed by 50% to 90 km/h (56 mph) (25 m/s) compares to a fall from 32 m (105 ft) - an increase of 125%. This is because the stored kinetic energy (E) is given by E = (1/2) mass × speed squared. It increases by the square of the impact velocity.

In order to perform an artificial aging on these 4 samples, they are transferred into a 190°C Furnace, then are removed separately after 3, 10, 60, and 120 minutes; Then all quenched into water, and their hardness tested. In addition to the above process, the hardness test of the samples # 5 and 3 are measured after a week (table 4).

For the second test, a constant stress of 5MPa was applied while the temperature was increased inside the furnace of the DMA setup. This was achieved by heating the sample to one temperature for 10 minutes and holding at that temperature while the constant stress was applied, then heating again and holding, and so on. Strain was again recorded at constant time intervals for each temperature.

  To understand mechanisms of the fracture of brittle materials (in this case, glass) To recognize the variations in deformation and failure mechanisms which occur with a difference in flaw size, (i.e. between scratched and unscratched samples) Defining flaw sizes in glass plates by employing linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) Utilizing the Weibull statistics approach in predicting probable failure in brittle materials.

We used this equation along with the force and displacement data to determine the normal stress of the rod when it was axially loaded. P is the applied load and A is the cross sectional area of our sample.

Where P is the applied force, L is the length of beam, E is the modulus of elasticity of aluminum, and I is the moment of Inertia.

For tests conducted in situ on a rock mass, the rebound hammer can be used at any desired orientation provided the plunger strikes perpendicular to the surface

Citarella et al in 2010 [4] Worked on Comparison of DBEM and FEM crack path predictions in a notched shaft under torsion, they analyzed that the rather

The two salient damage mechanisms that were observed included cracking and deformation, exemplified in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respectively. Figure 5 shows a section of the surface crack that emerged after thermal shock and the bridging that has discontinued the crack, as well as the enlargement of the crack tips which seems branch-like, as expected [21].

This tool is used in all stages of productions for the quality control of samples and its uses are very extensive which makes it distinctive from other

The stress-strain behavior could vary from brittle, plastic and highly elastic. Tensile strength and modulus are orders of magnitude smaller than those of metals and elongation is 1000 % that of metals in a few cases. The tensile strength is defined at the fracture point and can be lower than the yield strength.

measure performance. This data is usually performed in a lab where the environment can be

Testing judge the quality of the products. After testing we can realize that the products is good for use or not.

Out of the three selected metal samples (Copper, lead and aluminum), an educated guess would believe that copper should change the most in temperature due to it being known to be very conductive. Aluminum would be the sample that has the least change in number considering the fact that aluminum sheets is used all the time in ovens for baking and due to process of elimination lead should be in the middle of which sample will the most change in temperature the most.