Secondary Data Analysis Paper

The frequency of the spankings was recorded at the age of 3. In this questionnaire, caregivers were asked if they used spanking to discipline their children for misbehavior and whether their children were spanked frequently. Child behavioral problems were recorded using six questions. The questionnaire was sent at age

The current research question that I will be focusing on is “What are the effects of a child receiving spanking compared to a child who does not receive spanking in a long term?” I choose this question because it is related to the concentration that I am focusing on in my sociology major, which is youth and childhood. Another reason why I choose this question is because when I was child, my mother would spank me with a wooden spoon if I ever were to behave badly or if I broke something in the house. People believe that when a child is spanked it can affect their self-esteem once they or grow older, but for me it did not make any affect, as a result I was okay. Also, people that I know who are in college had been spanked as well, and they would

Some weaknesses of using secondary analysis include outdated data, a lack of collected data, data’s reliability, and biases. Researchers must find relevant data that reflect their specific study. Depending on the topic, there may be a lack of secondary data about certain topics that researchers are conducting. When a study is new, the amount of existing studies could be insufficient, which need more research to be conducted. Another weakness when using secondary analysis is the reliability of the data itself. Secondary data such as the General Social Survey (GSS) has numerous quantitative data, but some arbitrary measures and non-exhaustive measures in the GSS can make interpretation difficult. When using data, researchers need to know who

The study of research is a within-groups design for the selection of concussed symptomatic athletes, concussed asymptomatic athletes and non-concussed control athletes. The study occurs covers in a five year analysis of the college athletics. The analysis will occur from the college athlete while in as a college athlete. The process of the study starts with the evaluation of the participants. The college athletes would need to release their previous medical history and testing of concussion baselines. If the athlete's refuses to release the information, then they will be dismissed from the study. The baseline assessments should have been completed during their freshman year preseason when all athletes were healthy and free from injury. Before the examination starts,

In 1991 mothers with newborns were recruited from hospitals at 10 different data collection from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development across the United States (Vazsonyi, 2010).Their mainly focused was when the child was 4.5 years, 8.5, and 10.5 from the 1,155 families that were recruited. For instance, all those cases were review yearly to focus on the behavior if the child was engaging any misbehavior within the years. For example, if single parents were going to have more issues controlling their children misconduct or has they are getting older was the probability for them to change. However, they used different scales to evaluate. For example, descriptive statistics of the study construct a scale score that mothers will complete to include a self-control analysis, another scale was about the correlations among the parent’s self-control and deviance. Also, they tested if at

As the world of work becomes more complex, many workers need training to avoid losing their jobs or being passed over for promotion. Consequently, many who would not have considered college 20 or even 15 years ago are finding themselves back in school. As adults become students, employers, colleges, and workers are changing old notions about how to go about pursuing higher learning.

African Americans agree with spanking more often than Whites (Flynn 1994). Bradley (1998) found the opposite attitudes about spanking. African American parents preferred to use nonphysical forms of discipline. African American parents are more authoritative when it comes to discipline. Corporal punishment was only used if the parent’s power was tested. When the child test the power of a parent a form of deviance has occurred. If physical punishment occurs a belt, or spanking with an open hand is used (Bradley, 1998). Individual rates differ for who agree with spanking a child. African American rates range from 56.4% to 81.8%. Whites rates range from 30.8% to 56.9%. When it comes to the 3-4-year-old group no significant race differences in attitudes

While reviewing the results of the most recent state testing data for Owasso, a common trend arose. The median OPI Score for each subject tested was lower for economically disadvantaged students. Furthermore, the percentage of students at or above proficiency was lower for every elementary school in the district, as demonstrating in Figure 1 above. This is certainly not surprising to anyone who has been in education for any amount of time, and the performance of economically disadvantaged students is a common focus of research. I️ wanted to discover if Owasso’s results were out of the ordinary compared to other economically disadvantaged students from around the nation. I decided to focus

Very good example of social behaviors and environmental change Jennefer. The one that I most thing about in using longitudinal study is the youth. The primary point of longitudinal studies in this study determines change after some time. Youth is about change and one child is not enough data to determine rather the child will improve in socialization, repeated observation will determine changes. Therefore, it is important to utilize inquire about plans which can reveal singular changes inside and past single life expectancies. On a fundamental level, cross-sectional outlines can give in any event some confirmation on changes when they request review data. However, a large portion of them is restricted to represent the

These episodes are also summarized versions of research articles which means that important information can excluded. This omission of information can then be misleading to the general public. In regards to the research article the type of study conducted comes with its own weaknesses. Since the study is longitudinal there is a risk of attrition or loss of participants. Participants who may have had low academic achievement and were the oldest child may have dropped out of the study which could lead to the results the researchers

This observational study has integrated more than one study design, which includes longitudinal, cross-sectional, survey, retrospective. The longitudinal design has been displayed because it collects data about children over a long period of time. It was utilized in this study by starting from mothers spanking their child at the age of 3 and observing those children’s behavior at the age of 5. Cross-sectional is exhibited because it investigates and compare the different

Many studies on cases of adults who have tendency to perpetuate abuses, either as a victim or as an abuser, are traced in the pattern of violence experienced at home, and many are reportedly experience being physically violated by spanking during their childhood. Despite the information and advocacy available in almost all media these days, there are still parents who thought that spanking their children to emphasize discipline is still beneficial. The benefits cited by those supporting spanking as acceptable method of discipline varied across culture and race. Generally, there are three views or positions about spanking as a form of discipline (Benject C. & Kazdin A, 2003) : Pro-corporal punishment, anti-corporal punishment, and conditional corporal punishment.

Primary and secondary sources are ways in which data can be retrieved. As Serakan (2006) stated, “Primary data refer to information obtained by the researcher on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of the study”. Various evidence suggesting to what methods of primary research can be conducted and which are most effective for the previously mentioned problem description are stated in this chapter.

The Format The scope and direction of research to get the answers and knowledge-based research problems. The research methodology was used, it is observational research in a research analysis. Observational analysis studies and research cohort studied and we randomly selected 10 people who use IPhone from MFU University, we noticed that people use IPhone and IPhone application Data was collected by personal interview in order to get more insights and analysis that individual interests IPhone and much of the interview, most people agree on is brand loyalty.

The objective of this chapter is to describe the procedures used in the analysis of the data and present the main findings. It also presents the different tests performed to help choose the appropriate model for the study. The chapter concludes by providing thorough statistical interpretation of the findings.