Dalai Lama once said, “Sleep is the best meditation” (Sleep Quotes). Some people, however, are unable to acquire such meditation. I originally intended to write my research paper on insomnia but after reading several articles, one article on the formation of research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for insomnia garnered my attention. Sleep, in general, is interesting due to its complexities and the way it affects people. I was struggling with getting proper rest in high school, so I sought out information in order to improve the quality of my sleep. I ended up finding more than I intended. It took decades for people to see that RDC was needed for insomnia. Creating appropriate RDC for insomnia and ways to test for it proved to be a complex process that took much time and effort.
History
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that has various forms and causes. For a long time, there was not a widely accepted definition. Many decades ago, that was an issue for many psychiatric disorders. This made it next to impossible for doctors to provide accurate diagnoses. In order to fix the problem, RDC was created and published in the late 1970s. RDC is a set of operationally defined inclusion and exclusion criteria that made it possible to create standard definitions for multiple psychiatric disorders (Edinger et al., 2004). For some reason, adequate RDC was not created for sleep disorders at the same time. Thirty years after the creation of RDC, sleep medicine was just barely ahead
Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It can have a devastating impact on one’s emotion, physical, occupation and social life. While it occasionally can be seen in the clinical setting as a primary diagnosis, it most often presents as a comorbidity to a medical or psychiatric issue;
In my paper, I will tackle insomnia from various perspectives: definitions, types, causes, effects, and means of solutions.
Meditation is very difficult to describe and can only truly be explained once experienced. It is the practice of mental concentration leading ultimately through a sequence of stages to the final goal of spiritual freedom, nirvana. The purpose of Buddhist meditation is to free ourselves from the delusion and thereby put an end to both ignorance and craving. The Buddhists describe the culminating trance-like state as transient; final Nirvana requires the insight of wisdom. The exercises that are meant to develop wisdom involve meditation on the true nature of reality or the conditioned and unconditioned elements that make up all phenomena. The goal of meditation is to develop a concept in the mind.
Sleep is often over looked as an intervention for ME, but through the improvement of environment, medication, life style changes and self-help strategies, sleep can be improved to help provide symptom relief and increase an individuals energy envelope. (ANZMES, n.d.c; Pemberton & Berry, 2009; Wright,
This paper is about my experience with mindfulness based meditation and scientific inquiry of these experiences. Mindfulness based meditation is describes as technique used to cultivate nonreactive, non-judgmental and stable awareness of the present moment (Garland and Gaylord, 2009). The end goal is to sustain this meta-cognitive state for a long period of time. I practiced non-denominational form of mindfulness based meditation for the first time in my psychology class, which was devoted towards intellectual and experiential examination of meditation. The practice was conducted in a group it was instructed by our own professor and it begun at the end of class. There was one sessions per week and each session was structured meaning it was
I’ve been thinking about sleep ever since reading Maria Konnikova’s fascinating, three-part series for The New Yorker on sleep. And then my wife, Crystal, read the series, which got us both thinking about it, and talking about it, and experimenting with it.
Sleep disorders alter ones sleep pattern and often results in the inability to either sleep or sleep soundly. They often cause you to feel restless, tired, fatigued, and irritable. It is estimated that nearly 75 percent of adult Americans experience sleep disorder symptoms at least a few nights per week. At the same time, sleep disturbances in some form are seen in as many as 25 to 30 percent of infants and children (“Sleep Disorders” 2013). Clearly a huge conundrum in the world, sleep disorders affect an inordinate amount of people. Millions of people suffer or have suffered from a sleep disorder at one point in their lives and if mistreated can impact organ systems functioning negatively. Physical disturbances, medical issues,
his is a book of many virtues. It gives us an insider look at the birth of the sleep medicine specialty. It provides, in clear entertaining, first person-prose a first rate primer on the latest {"indings in sleep science. It speaks with the voice of a mature, humane, sane, and brilliant clinician. Most impressively it lays out in convincing detail the argument for the theory of the 24 mind. That theory, as I understand it, suggests that selected regions of the mind/brain are active and functional 24 hours a day. The
Success in life is typically measured by the result of what is accomplished during the waking hours. The degree of effectiveness of those hours however, depend on effective rest. “Sleep is integral to the health and well-being of all people” (Wells 233). Sleep is simply defined as the body’s rest cycle – a time to recharge. The widely accepted metric for normal or sufficient sleep is about 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep. When this metric is not met, either through total sleep loss or accumulated sleep debt, the effect can be dire, “Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness” (Orzeł-Gryglewska 95). Sleep deprivation hinders the abilities of the mind, harms the body, and shortens length of life.
It is unclear whether excessive thinking or stress mediates both insomnia symptoms and impairment, but therapy targeting dysfunctional beliefs about sleep has shown effectiveness for improvement. The main insomnia therapies targeting dysfunctional beliefs are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive therapy (CT), and behavioral therapy (BT). CBT includes CT, which focuses on identifying and altering beliefs, and behavioral therapy (BT), which focuses on sleep restriction and maintenance of consistent sleep.12 Both Morin et al. and Eidelman et al. found CBT to improve insomnia and functioning.12,13 CT and BT was also shown improvements in insomnia symptoms, daytime improvement, and dysfunctional beliefs.12 Dysfunctional beliefs may be
come to the conclusion that there is a limit to what they can do. A conscious
Many disorders and diseases can result from abnormal sleeping patterns that are triggered from sleep deprivation. The most common forms of sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy (NINDS 10). All of these sleep disorders begin from sleep deprivation and can be managed once they are diagnosed correctly. According to Urban, “Nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness may occur”, as a result of sleep deprivation (1). This proves that the slightest health changes can occur if sleep deprivation becomes a problem. According to NINDS, “The disorders and the resulting sleep deprivation interfere with work, driving, and social activities” (10). This shows that the effects of being sleep deprived can drastically change one’s everyday
“The worst thing in the world is to try to sleep and not to, then forcing oneself to stay awake for days on end must surely come a close second.”
Children and adolescents in the United States face different psychological challenges, such as anxiety disorders, depression, attention deficit disorder, as well as many other psychiatric diagnoses (Bloom, Dey, & Freeman, 2006). The prevalence rate of children diagnosed with a mental disorder is alarming. According to Merikangas et al. (2010), 22.2% of American children and adolescents get diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder that is severe enough to impair their ability to attend school and learn (Bucci, Marques, Oh, & Harris, 2016). Kids that are plagued by various psychological illnesses may experience a difficult time concentrating and staying focused in school. Additionally, the over-accumulation of toxic stress, either due to the pressures of schools or environmental (i.e., difficult exams, poverty, household dysfunction, etc.), can have negative and detrimental effects during childhood, as well as adulthood (Bucci et al., 2016).
Importance of Sleep It has been proposed, by some, that humans do not really need to sleep, and that we do so only out of habit. However, much research would suggest otherwise. It is true that some individuals (e.g. those suffering from insomnia) are able to live on very small amounts of sleep, but nevertheless, they do need some. Studies of sleep deprivation have found that there may be severe consequences of not sleeping at. Randy Gardner, for example, went without sleep for 11 nights.