State Courts

The difference between federal courts and State courts is that State courts are usually established by a state themselves and Federal courts are established under the U.S. Constitution to decide disputes involving the Constitution and laws passed by Congress.

The life of every American citizen, whether they realize it or not, is influenced by one entity--the United States Supreme Court. This part of government ensures that the freedoms of the American people are protected by checking the laws that are passed by Congress and the actions taken by the President. While the judicial branch may have developed later than its counterparts, many of the powers the Supreme Court exercises required years of deliberation to perfect. In the early years of the Supreme Court, one man’s judgement influenced the powers of the court systems for years to come. John Marshall was the chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835, and as the only lasting Federalist influence in a newly Democratic-Republican

Compare and contrast the California and US federal judicial systems in as many ways as you can.

There are 94 different federal trial courts call District Courts. The role of these district courts are to hear civil and criminal cases. Those district courts are broken down into 12 different regional circuits, each of the 12 regional circuits have their own court of appeals. These court of appeals deals with appeals within their circuit. Those appeals are then heard and their fate is then decided based on the record that was given before the District Court. All the cases that involve juvenile issues, child custody and Dupree cases, inheritance/probate cases, real estate, as well as most cases that involve criminal prosecution, personal injury cases, disputes and contracts, as well as public health cases. Each state handle local laws, has its own police, and court system. Each court system has its own Supreme Court which is known as the court of last resort. Local crimes in cases go before their local courts and from there it's it is decided whether or not the case goes before the state, supreme, or federal court.

On the other hand, if both parties decide to go with an Arbitrator they must accept his final decision. The arbitrator is the third party with vast experience/training in handling difficult business situations. The arbitrator will listen to both parties and he will have the power to make a fair decision for all involved. This prevents the perception that one side has gotten the better end of the agreement. An arbitrator will often conclude the negotiations more quickly than a mediator can.

The use of mediation in a dispute is one of the interventions used to resolve conflicts. The parties will actively participate in this process because of his or her stake in a resolution. The agreement reached is ultimately between the two parties and is not imposed. However, this does not mean that a mediator is limited to his or her personal opinion about a dispute. Because a mediator is to remain impartial and neutral, the mediator is to separate his or

Conciliation has some overlaps with mediation but the conciliator takes a more active role in leading the parties to a consensus of opinion. The disputants do not usually meet; the conciliator conducts discussions separately with each party before he gives guidance on settling the dispute. His opinion then forms the basis of an agreement. The parties are free to agree on this. Concerning employment disputes, sometimes the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) suggests that disputes should be settled by means of conciliation. If the process is successful, mediation and conciliation are good examples for overcoming the problems of litigation and facilitating the ease of access to justice.

In both arbitration and mediation there is an impartial third party. In arbitration, there tends to be more than one arbitrator. In arbitration, there is a “panel of multiple arbitrators” (“Mediation”, 2015), where one arbitrator is chosen by each side. Afterwards, the two arbitrators then “select a third” (“Mediation”, 2015) to complete the panel. The panel’s role in arbitration involves coming to decision after hearing parties “testify under oath” (“Comparison”, 2015) and examining the evidence presented. Unlike arbitration, mediators help both parties with the “discussion and eventual resolution” (“Mediation”, 2015) of their conflict and case. In a mediation, both parties select a mediator to help create more understanding, which tends to be a less formal process than that of an arbitration.

In general, arbitration is a more formal method of alternative dispute resolution than mediation. "Arbitrators generally act similar to a judge and make decisions about evidence and give written opinions, which can be binding or non-binding" (Mediation versus arbitration versus litigation, 2008, Find Law). There may be one or more arbiters selected by both sides, or a third selected by the mutual arbiter. The methods deployed are often very similar to that of a court room. In contrast, mediation "is generally conducted before a single mediator who does not judge the case but helps facilitate a discussion and eventual resolution of the dispute" (Mediation versus arbitration versus litigation, 2008, Find Law). Mediation has a high success rate, but this may be due to the fact that parties which select mediation tend to be less polarized.

Mediation is a type of alternative dispute resolution that gives the two disputing parties a third party to help them discuss and revise their points of conflict. The mediator acknowledges the points of which the parties are in agreement upon and builds upon those to create a solution between the two parties. Similarly, arbitration includes a third party that listens to the two disputing parties. However, in arbitration the arbitrator or the third party gives a final decision. In most cases, the decision given is binding. This means that “it may not be reviewed or overturn by a court except in very limited circumstances” (Repa, n.d.). But some parties have been known to agree to a nonbinding arbitration meaning that the award given can be rejected and the option of demanding a trial can be used.

Negotiation, refers to the process of having the two sides come to an agreement without the help of an externality. This could be beneficial to both parties because they can come to an agreement of their own terms and both side win. Mediation is when a neutral authority brings both sides to the table to help solve the dispute. Benefits to doing this process, is that the mediator can provide alternatives to how to solve the dispute, although results are nonbinding. Arbitration is when a third party decides the outcome of a dispute. For the winning party is an advantage because the decision in not appealable, it only can be

A: The dispute will be decided and imposed by one or more persons, a neutral third party or experts, that make decisions called arbitration award. Its goal is providing a relatively quick and inexpensive resolution of disputes. The process should be faster than court procedures and the parties can choose as a dispute resolver someone with experience in the subject if they want to. Arbitration has advantages that includes savings of time and cost because it is less expensive and less time than going through courts.

Mediation, according to the Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) in England, can be defined as a flexible process conducted confidentially in which a neutral person assists the parties in working towards a negotiated agreement of a dispute or difference, with the parties in ultimate control of the decision to settle and the terms of resolution. Despite its flexibility, mediation is a formal process, involving parties who voluntarily agree to the amicable dissolution of their issues, with the aim of preserving their relationship . They achieve this with the help of a mediator, to whom the parties relinquish some measure of their control, to act as the go between that would guide the process and elicit the full

Independent mediators try to find out to support the parties make voluntary, reciprocally reasonable and acceptable resolutions. Independent mediators are mostly used in the western countries though other countries also try to take on them.

Conflict Management Arbitration and Mediation It is well recognized that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of dispute resolution is an important element in the orderly growth and encouragement of international investment and trade. Increasingly, arbitration and mediation, instead of litigation in national courts, have become the preferred means of resolving international commercial disputes. Arbitration: Arbitration is a procedure in which a dispute is submitted, by agreement of the parties, to an arbitrator or to a tribunal of several arbitrators who give a decision on the dispute that is binding on the parties. In contrast to mediation, once the parties have freely agreed to submit a dispute to arbitration, a party cannot unilaterally withdraw from the arbitration. Expedited Arbitration: Expedited Arbitration is, as its name suggests, a form of arbitration in which certain modifications are introduced in order to ensure that the arbitration can be conducted and an award rendered in a shortened time frame and, consequently, at a reduced cost. To achieve those objectives, the modifications provide for a sole arbitrator (rather than a tribunal of several arbitrators), shortened time periods for each of the steps involved in the arbitration proceedings, and condensed hearings before the sole arbitrator. Mediation Followed, in the Absence of a Settlement, by Arbitration: This procedure combines, sequentially, both mediation and arbitration. Where the