TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 Path-Goal Theory
2.1 Hersey-Blanchard Situational Theory
2.2 Transformational Leadership Theory
2.3 Transactional Leadership Theory
3.0 Application of Tranformational Theory to Steve Jobs’s Leadership
4.0 Application of Transactional Theory to Steve Jobs’s leadership
5.0 Application of Hershey Blanchard Theory to Steve Jobs' leadership
6.0 Application of Path-Goal Theory to Steve Jobs’s leadership
7.0 Steve Jobs as a Charismatic leader
8.0 Uniqueness of Steve Jobs leadership
9.0 Conclusion
Executive Summary Leadership style has an impact on all aspects of business in organization. Therefore over the last four decades, leadership scholars and practicing
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House and Mitchell (1974) stated four styles of leadership as follows :-
a) Supportive leadership - Leader will consider the needs of the follower, by showing concern on their welfare and also creating a friendly working environment to them. Leaders are also increasing the follower's self-esteem and creating more interesting of the jobs. This is best to motivate subordinates when work is stressful, boring or hazardous.
b) Directive leadership - Leaders will tell followers what needs to be done by giving appropriate guidance to them along the way. In addition, leaders will giving them schedules of specific work to be done at specific times. Rewards may also be increased, while role ambiguity will be decreased by informing them what they should be doing. This is useful when the task is unstructured and complex and the follower is inexperienced in their jobs.
c) Participative leadership - Leaders will be consulting with followers and also will be taking their ideas into account in making decisions and taking particular actions. This approach is best to be used when the followers are expert and their advice is both needed.
d) Achievement-oriented leadership - Leaders will be setting challenging goals, both in work and in self-improvement of the subordinates. The leaders will also showing faith in the capabilities of the follower to succeed. This approach is best whenever the task of subordinates is complex.
The path goal leadership model specifies two
Coaching leaders help employees by identifying their unique strengths and weaknesses. They encourage employees to establish long-term goals. Coaching style is used least often because many leaders don’t have time to teach people and help them grow. Studies have shown that leaders who have mastered four our more especially the authoritative, democratic, affiliative and coaching styles have the best climate and business performance. I believe in order to master the art of leadership we need to comprehensively understand human behavior and have the ability to adapt. Leadership styles can lead to different types of success, as mentioned in the article leadership will never be an exact science. But neither is it a complete mystery. I believe that the business environment is continually changing, all leaders have to respond. Leaders must know when to use the right style at the right time to gain success. Although not all skills are equally effective leaders could use multiple styles at one time to gain success. For example leaders could use the authoritative style to mobilize people towards a vision while at the same time creating bonds and harmony through the affiliative
Directive leaders give subordinates instruction about tasks, which includes what, is expected of them, how it is to be done and the timeline.
A1. Leadership Style Upon conducting research, it is clear that the definition of “leadership” is not agreed upon. It is fluid, based upon many perceptions, situations, and surroundings. According to Robinson (2010), adopting a specific style of leadership is rather futile as it is, “contingent on the personal traits of the leader, the people being led, and the nature of the activity.” Tools are available to help guide potential leaders in determining a preferred style of leadership. For example, utilizing the “Leadership Self-Assessment
Antecedents that influence leadership include factors such as the leader’s personality and ethics, followers’ openness, and cultural norms. Furthermore, the leader’s behaviors affect the process. For example, a leader needs to be knowledgeable regarding an organization’s goals to effectively address and handle difficult situations. A servant leader assists followers in achieving purposes. A leader treats followers fairly and respects personal values. The leader helps followers learn to make choices. An ideal outcome is a favorable effect on the followers, organization, and community. The leader can determine which needs will help followers progress and plan to meet those needs through developing programs or obtaining funding (Northouse, 2016).Servant leadership is important for management because it affects employee’s productivity. While a manager requires work to be completed and appears unconcerned if an employee has a problem, the servant leader may help a follower so he or she can work successfully. For example, although a manager may penalize an employee for arriving late, a servant leader may ask the employee what he or she needs to arrive to work on time. After the leader and the employee successfully collaborate, the effect is that the manager is appeased and the employee keeps a job. A servant leader can help employees develop a supportive community
The concept of followership is crucial to the leadership process today. In the past, followers were not viewed as important whatsoever. They were viewed as puppets that had no potential to make a change. In the new paradigm, followers are just as important as leaders. There are several behavioral styles of followers: alienated, conformist, pragmatists, passive, and effective.
This research focuses on four leadership styles that have been used within the organization. These styles play apart in the success of objectives and tasks being accomplished.
Leadership is the ultimate form of service; it requires leaders to devote much of themselves to deal with the responsibilities that come with the title. They not only serve as normal members, but they must make important decisions with their followers’ interests
Effective followership is an essential component of effective leadership in that, without good followers, the leader’s work is difficult and cumbersome. The role of the follower is many times understated. As illustrated by Kelley (1998), “effective followers are thinkers; energetic and assertive, self-starters, independent problem solvers, and carry out their tasks with these characteristics (p. 143). Effective followers also are characterized by their ability to perform tasks with little supervision, their intelligence, and ability to think for themselves. We are all followers, even those who consider themselves leaders; so to encourage this effectiveness in others; we must be role models for those under us, so that they may also be effective at following. Chaleff (2009) observed that “all important social accomplishments require complex
Leaders and followership are similar in that both concepts overall mission is for the betterment of the facilities in which they serve. Generally, in healthcare facilities, the mission is to provide quality and effective care for patients. Both the leaders and the followers’ primary duty is to work within the mission of their respective organization. According to the Forbes April 2013 article, “leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others (followers) towards the achievement of a goal”. Leaders and followers are also similar in some of their key traits.
Leadership is “ critical in codifying and maintaining an organizations’ purpose, values, and vision. “ ( PM World Today Journal ). Having good leadership methods in place at an organization is vital in bringing success to a company. Steve Jobs is highly stimulated and has a strong idea of what he wants for Apple to achieve in upcoming periods. He is a transformational leader, and this, “ represents the most popular current view of leadership. This leader is characterised by a capacity to create a highly motivating and absorbing vision of the future, and has the capability to energise others to pursue the vision. “ ( Claremont McKenna College Journal ). Jobs has put in a huge effort to create a strong framework of control and direction, for example, “ Since returning to Apple, Steve has put as much energy into creating a strong management structure as he has into the products. “ ( www.ft.com ). This is highly effective leadership, trying to improve the design of the organisation in order to achieve more efficiency.
While in the workplace you will encounter different personalities, followers and leaders. Both of these are vital to working and both are equally as important. A good follower is someone who shows support towards the leader, challenges constructively the leader or group’s behaviors or policies is they threaten the common purpose, and takes a moral stand when warranted to prevent ethical abuses. Followers also play a key role in critical thinking as they are termed the best critical thinkers in a group. Being a follower requires a commitment to the group to contribute within a collaborative environment. A leader, however, is a person that was a great follower for a very long period of time. Through following they have learned how to be friendly, learn social skills, and how to handle tasks and emotions. One vital trait that a leader must possess it trust. If a follower trusts a leader, then the trust within the group will increase. Teamwork chemistry will rise and this will, in the end, create a more efficient product. For a technologist, enforcing ALARA, demonstrating honesty and integrity, ultimately enhance patient care and express leadership qualities.
As a good follower, I need to accept responsibility and I need to be aware of the tasks that I have to take on. I have to readily support my leader at all times and I should be able to voice my opinions to my leader in a very supportive way. Leaders can only lead an organization successfully if they have personalities that appeal to their followers. The individual reflection and big five
The most significant major leadership behavior in leading others is task motivated. Fred Fiedler uses the least-preferred coworker (LPG) scale to determine what motivates the leader. The task that comes easier to me is relationship-motivated (high LPC). This is the motivation that is a distraction from doing the task at hand. This naturally, would be the choice that is preferred because it presents opposition to meeting the company objectives. The high (LPC) has many reasons that relationship-motivated people find most appealing.
A leader is defined as a person with responsibility to influence one or more followers and directing them to achieve a set objective (Sethuraman, 2014). In order to achieve that set of objectives effortlessly, effectively, and efficiently, the most important and valued trait of a leader is an effective leadership styles. Effective leadership styles are required in every organization at every level to be successful. The success or failure of an organization depends on the quality of leadership particularly on the part of top management. An effective leadership style can be developed on the basis of understanding of the situations (Sethuraman, 2014). Top management should know which leadership style is needed based on the situation to be most effective to gain trust and respect from their employee. There is no single method of influencing the behavior of employees for every situation. The employee’s level of knowledge on the task and can determine which leadership style that will be most effective for the situation. Preparing leaders to lead
4. Achievement Oriented Leadership: This style of Leadership behavior results in more satisfaction when the tasks are uncertain, yet structured and managers with this style of leadership will increase subordinates’ expectancies for high performance results.