Stratification Data Analysis

Bullying is one of the leading causes in teen suicide today. People bullied in the past or present have been studied and it has shown that they have a lower quality of life. Though they have a lower quality of life, the have better physical and mental health. (“Seaman” 1). Studies have shown that most bullying happens in middle school and high school. There is bullying in elementary school but it is minimal and less serious (“Bullying Statistics” 1). Most kids refuse to speak up while being bullied in fear that the bully will just taunt them more (“Cyber-Safety Act” 2). Bullying has become a very serious issue regarding our society today.

Longitudinal research has attempted to identify the relationship between mental health and bullying behavior where the focus is on explaining student well-being. Australian study shows that bulling is associated with the onset of symptoms of anxiety and depression one year later It has been argued that mental health may be both a cause and a consequence of bullying perpetration and peer victimization. The limitation of the previous search is that they have failed to consider multiple variables like gender, internalizing

Bullying is said to be a major influence in “incidents of school violence” ( “School Bullying” 2). Bullying early in someone’s life is related to later issues such as suic ide intentions, anxiety, self-esteem, and other conditions that can last into their adulthood. But the victims are not the only ones affected. Bullies have increased health problems and have a hard tim e with relationships. They are more likely to commit crimes at a younger age.

The third and final study simply explored the harmful effects of bullying and how they came to be. They interviewed children and surveyed adults who were victims of bullying at some point in their lives. Some of the more common short term effects they discovered include anger, anxiety, depression, interference with work or school and suicidal thoughts. Uncovered patterns of long term effects include self-esteem issues, difficulty trusting others, bitterness, and increased risk of being bullied in the future. (Lynch, E.

Bullying has been recognized as a risk factor in improvement and personal growth of children and adulthood. It is a form of hostile conduct in which an individual engages to cause another individual harm or distress (Kirves, & Sajaniemi, 2012).. Therefore, it is vital to be able to detect signs of bullying in order to stop further consequences, such as self-harm, and suicide. Children who have experienced bullying become hopeless, anxious, have low self-efficacy, and have recurrent negative thoughts (Kirves, & Sajaniemi, 2012). Research in bullying has also concluded that children who bully other children are more prone to become anti-social and engage in criminal activity (Kirves, & Sajaniemi, 2012).

According to an article about bullying and victimization, it was noted that male victimization rates for bullies was among the highest and because bullying became more detrimental in the later stages of middle to late adolescents, due to self-blame, loneliness, anxiety and low self-esteem (Graham and Juvonen 1998). Also, peer victimization may lead to depression, low self-evaluation, anxiety and other different mental health problems (Crick &

“Nationwide, one out of four students from the ages twelve to eighteen have been bullied. That is twenty five percent to the teenage/young adult population and these numbers are continuously to rise every day” (Wassdorp, Bradshaw, and Leaf 116, 149-156). Bullying is the action of repeated harmful acts or harassing another in various forms. Many situations fall under one or even multiple of these categories: physical, verbal, indirect, and cyber. What this does is strips the victim down from their identity and leaves them to pity themselves for being the way they are. Bullying is an issue in this nation because it tears apart the teenage/young adult population, and it is causing an increase in risk of suicide among these groups. Bullying is

For many years, bullying has been a major problem in many schools. Bullying is associated with serious health concerns, whether a child is the bully or the victim. Kids who are victims of bullying usually have lasting effects on their physical and mental health. This literature review describes the effects of bullying approaching the following topics:

Bullying is a pervasive problem among children and adolescents, and may take various forms including physical (e.g., hitting), verbal (e.g., name-calling), relational (e.g., social isolation), or occurring in cyber space. Previous studies have consistently shown that depression is associated with exposure to bullying. Bully-victims, a group of individuals who are both bullies and victims, are a distinct group at highest risk for psychosocial problems.

If bullying was truly a problem for the student’s environment, then there should be a strong negative correlation between the amount of bullying reported in section one, and the psychological behavior responses indicated in section two. Therefore, as bullying witnessed or experienced increases, the mental stability of the student decreases. It is then expected that if bullying is causing psychological damage to students, then a strong negative correlation between bullying and academic performance should also appear. As the number of bullying instances increase, the student’s ability to focus and perform well in school decreases. By not being able to function properly within the school setting and being unable to perform well academically, it can be inferred that individuals who are struggling the most with bullying will find it harder to study, which would make it more difficult for them to perform well on their final

during their development from their childhood to their early adulthood. Sourander et al. (2007) studied the association between bullying and being a victim of bullying at an early childhood age of 8 and the mental disorder impact it has later in early adulthood. Some 2,540 boys born in 1981 were selected for the study. Information regarding bullying and being victims of bullying were captured from their parents, teachers and other children at the age of 8 or in 1989. Than further information was gathered on the subject during their life at the ages of 18 and 23 thru military registry information. Based on univariate logistic regression, children that only bullied frequently showed antisocial personality, issues with substance abuse, and mental

To conduct their research Williams et al. (2005) used well-known surveys where the students had to rate their responses on a numbered scale. In order to assess the symptoms of depression in the students, Williams et al. used the Beck Depression inventory and they used the Youth Self-Report to assess externalizing symptoms. After giving a very specific definition of bullying, students answered how frequently they had been bullied within the past two months. Williams et al. pulled items from the American

Bullying can be defined in three aspects: frequency, intentionality, and power differential. “Bullying involves aggressive acts that are repeated over time with intentionality and a power differential between the victim and the perpetrator” (Malecki, et al. 2015, p.116). Bullied victims and peer-victimized youth have different levels of depression symptoms including different coping strategies. In the article they state that bullying rates decreased as students left middle school and moved up to the high school level. Meaning bullying behaviors are more prevalent among students in middle school in grades 6th to 8th. It is said that students in middle school who are involved in bullying are more likely to show impulsive aggressive behaviors

This is a research article based on a case study of bully victimization published by the American School Health Association (ASHA). The focus of this study was to examine bullying victimization and its impact on physical and psychological aspects of an individual. The analysis included comparisons between traditional bullying and cyberbullying. The representative sample containing 7580 adolescents aged 11 to 18 were selected as part of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study. They measured physical and psychological symptoms involved in victimization experience by using the HBSC questionnaire. This instrument tested whether significant differences existed between strong or weak sense of coherence in adolescents in the aspects of impact

Recognizing the complex variables, researchers have modified existing psychological inventory tools such as the Rutter scales and the Child Depression Inventory, to better measure and assess the long-term victim outcomes (Vaillancourt, Hymel, & McDougall, 2003). One area of increasing concern among researchers is the inadequacy of the survey tools that may be impeding our understanding of the scope of the victimization, most prior research efforts have relied on survey based models that were either self-reported or provided by educators or parents, this may have diminished the sample quality and reduced the validity of the measurements (Hawker & Boulton, 2000). Acknowledging that bullying victimizations extend across a wide spectrum of the population and is not merely limited to adolescent experiences; researchers are striving to explore a number of overlapping social environments, including the workplace and social media where these types of victimizations also occur. Bullying victimizations represent a large class of victims that deserve the attention and efforts of researchers to minimize the effects of past abuse and help prevent future or continual abuse. The next paragraph introduces three specific theories of victimology as they are applied to bullying victimizations.