Suicide and the Predictions of Suicide
In the first paper I read about hopelessness and eventual suicide, four authors studied 207 hospitalized patients with suicidal ideation. There was a follow up period of 5-10 years when these patients were systematically checked up on to see their status. Fourteen eventually completed suicide within the follow up period. In the study the researchers used the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hopelessness Scale, and the Scale of Suicidal Ideation. The only tools that eventually predicted the suicides were the Hopelessness Scale and the pessimism items on the Beck Depression Inventory. This study is to prove the importance of hopelessness as an indicator of
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Their follow up period was about four years. Eight of the suicide occurred within the first 6 months and the other thirteen within a year. Retrospective studies of suicide have shown that suicide occurs with a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder like depression, schizophrenia, or alcoholism. The authors claim that all except the prospective studies of Beck and Motto have one problem in common and that is that they do not recognize the difference between suicide completers and attempters. Retrospective studies allow for researchers to see the differences between the two groups and therefore eliminating this problem. The limitations of these studies are that no "true" control group can be formed and no description of the psychopathology can be made complete like prospective studies. In this study the sample was 599 patients with uni-polar depression, 175 with bipolar type 1 affective disorder, 92 with bipolar type 2 affective disorder, and 88 with schizoaffective disorder. The number of completed suicides is relatively small which can affect the significance of the findings to other populations. There are a few problems with this study. The prospective set up limits the number of completers available for comparison with the surveying patients and the because they are comparing the completers with the entire sample of
Imagine in a place where everyone that you knew all displayed depression and everyone lead to giving up. And you were the only one that saw the world as a beautiful place. How would you help others in need? There would be no one trying to help one another and you were the only one that wanted to help everyone else. What if everyone you knew were getting hurt all the time and were always fighting for no real reason what would you say to try to help them get back on their feet? If you were the one that everybody dependent on what would you tell them to try to solve their problems? Most people don’t know what to do in these sorts of situations. Therefore they look for help or stay in their comfort zone and stay quite as long as they can or solve their own problems. The government has all the power in the United States it is only right that they should spend money on programs for people that may suffer from depression or suicidal thoughts.
I enjoyed reading your article it was enlightening. I concur that keeping in mind the end goal to completely comprehend our clients we should first speak with them while evaluating on the off chance that they have suicidal tendencies. While assessing individuals with suicidal ideation social workers must take a look at the individual biological and environmental components. Social workers must decide whether the client depression is mild to moderate or severe. Apparently, the more extreme the depression manifestations, the more probable the individual is in danger of suicide (Jacobson, 2014). Mild to moderate or servere—endless anguish that is less genuine than real melancholy—isn't viewed as a hazard factor for suicide. At the
Citing seminal study by (Teasdale & Engberg, 2001), Brenner et al (2009), noted that hospital admission records revealed that “incidence of suicide among
The title “Apples to Oranges?: A direct comparison between suicide attempters and suicide completers” immediately grabs readers’ attentions. Though, the title somewhat represents the article. Since the research is conducted within the Major Depressive Disorder population, the more suitable title of the article should read “Apples to Oranges?: A direct comparison between suicide attempters and suicide completers in Major Depressive Disorder population.” The authors write the research article in simple and concise manners. However, it would have been helpful to the readers if the research report contains the definition of terms section in an abstract. The authors write with the assumption that the readers are already healthcare
Today, the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. The researchers studied a high-risk group of psychiatric patients after their most recent attempt of suicide and compared them to equally ill patients without a history of suicide attempts. Treatment for patients who have just recently attempted suicide usually are put in a short-term inpatient unit for creating a crisis plan and becoming stabilized. Once these patients are released from the unit they are at a higher risk for repeated attempts or successful suicide. This risk lasts much longer than just a year after their first attempt. To assess the patients in the study the researchers gave them several self-reporting tools to fill out. Some of these tools included the RFLI, CDRISC,
Health factors causes account for most suicides and attempted suicides which include mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, or psychotic symptoms in the context of any disorder, substance abuse disorders, childhood abuse or trauma. According to a 2013 study published in JAMA Psychiatry by Ilgen, M. A., Kleinberg, F. et al. (2013), found that people suffering from chronic migraines or back pain were more likely to attempt suicide – regardless of whether they also had depression or another mental illness.
Clinicians take many factors into account when trying to predict a patient’s probability of committing suicide. These include but are not limited to substance abuse, family history of suicide, previous suicide attempts and hopelessness. In particular hopelessness has emerged as one of the strongest predictors of suicidal intent. Patients rated on the Hopelessness Scale (HS) are given a score out of 20, this score reflects the potential for committing suicide, (0-3 none) (4-8 mild) (9-14 moderate, may not be in danger but needs regular monitoring) (15-20 severe, definite risk of suicide). In the article, Hopelessness and Eventual Suicide: A 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation, Beck et al. followed up on
The mean d/s-IAT score (d score) was 0.4612 with a SD of 0.347 and a range of 2.24. The mean score for Life Attitudes were 4.39 with a SD of 1.268 and a range of 5. There was a small, positive, non-significant correlation between d/s-IAT scores and suicide attempts (r = 0.3). The relationship between the SITBI (risk factor) and suicide attempts in lifetime, held a medium, positive and significant correlation (r = 0.6). Finally, for the relationship between the second explicit measure, rfl-I (protective factor), a medium, negative, significant correlation was found (r = -0.6). Three hundred and twenty nine (63%) participants said they thought about suicide at least once in the past year where 7. 3% admitted to having it occur almost daily. A large portion of the sample group (363 participants or 69.9%) had never attempted suicide in their lifetime, and the remaining participants had attempted suicide up at least once and up to five or more times in their
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approximately every 13.7 seconds someone in the United States completes suicide. (Erin M. Sullivan & Thomas R. Simon, 2013) In 2007 this preventable public health problem was the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for over 34,000 deaths. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2013) (Elizabeth M. Varcarolis, 2010) This astonishing number of deaths is accumulative of various acts of suicide.
The purpose of this article is to understand the impacts that certain mental disorders have on suicide attempts. Suicide is an epidemic not only in certain nations but around the globe. The research that was conducted here is to help people understand the effects of mental disorders on others. Knowledge is the key power needed to help eliminate such an epidemic. The more people aware of the effects will help save lives rather than creating more statistics.
Risk for suicide related to depression, hopelessness, and poor coping skills as evidenced by previous suicide attempts, suicidal ideations with no plan, and feelings of hopelessness.
Suicide is not a mental illness in itself, but a serious potential consequence of treatable mental disorders that include major depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and anxiety disorders like bulimia and anorexia
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The study used a quasi-experimental approach. There were a total of 111 participants used who were continuous outpatient admissions from the Adolescent Depression and Suicide Program (ADSP). Of the 111 participants, 82 were assigned to the comparison TAU group, and 29 were assigned to the DBT group (Rathus & Miller, 2002). The adolescents in the DBT group were on average a year older than the TAU group, and had 93% females compared to 73% female in the TAU group. However, the two groups had the same rate of ethnicity and medication status.
Beck also developed international renown in the theory and prediction of suicide. He recognized hopelessness as a key cognitive predictor of suicide. He developed and validated a sequence of scales to help measure suicide risk, including the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Suicide Intent Scale, and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Work begun in this decade continues to shape the profession’s understanding of suicide and clinical interventions designed to prevent suicide.