Sulfate And Hydrate Lab Report

The purpose of this lab is to determine the formula of an unknown hydrate. To achieve this, we heated a hydrate over a Bunsen burner to drive out the water. As a result, the anhydrate is left and the data is used to calculate the mole ratio between the amount of anhydride and water. Then the mole ratios are used to calculate the hydration number, which was 4.8, but was rounded to 5 in the formula. The accepted formula is 〖CuSO〗_4∙5H_2 O and the percent of error was 4%.

The purpose of the lab was to determine the percent of water in the hydrate MgSO4 * N2H0 through the process of heating the hydrate, releasing the water molecules, and leaving only the anhydrous magnesium sulfate and also determine the number of water molecules in the hydrate. Throughout the lab, various masses were tooki, including the mass of the evaporating glass with the watch glass, the mass of the evaporating glass, and watch glass with the additional hydrate sample, and the mass of the the evaporating glass, and the watch glass with the dehydrated sample, at two different times, each separated by a five minute interval. After, calculations based on the mass of the left over anhydrous solution were made where the mass of the either the original recorded number for the hydrate was used, or the aftermath dehydrated value of the hydrate. Soon the mass converted

This experiment is based on determining the chemical formula for a hydrated compound containing copper, chloride, and water molecules in the crystal structure of the solid compound, using law of definite proportion. The general formula of the compound is CuxCly•zH2O, and aim is to determine chemical formula of this compound.

After this, the solution was poured into a volumetric flask just about to the 1dm3 line and then it was left there to cool to the same temperature as the room before filling precisely to the 1dm3 line with distilled water. The molar mass of CuSO4.5H20 was 249.5 so that means 249.5g of copper sulphate was needed to dissolve, in order to make a standard solution, into 1dm3of distilled water. Following this, a linear dilution of the CuSO4.5H2O was made in order to be used to make a calibration curve after using the colorimeter to write down the absorbance of each sample. A linear dilution is diluted with distilled water in order for it to make the concentration weaker and weaker. For this investigation, the dilutions made ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 M/l . It was essential to only make up 10cm3

The purpose of the experiment is to cycle solid copper through a series of five reactions. At different stages of the cycle, copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid, and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid, the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed with the reaction where elemental copper was regenerated by Zn and Cu

Washing of the copper is necessary in this experiment to separate the iron from the copper and make sure the iron is not counted in the mass of the copper.

The percent of water can be determined in a hydrate by first determining the mass of the hydrate Copper (II) Sulfate penta-hydrate. The substance will be a deep blue color when it is a hydrate. By heating the substance, water is evaporated, removing the water from the hydrate, making it anyhydrous through a simple decomposition reaction. Evaporation is completed when the substance turns from a blue to a white/ grey color. The mass of the water in a hydrate is determined by subtracting the mass of the hydrate from the mass of the anhydrate. The mass of the water is then divided by the mass of the hydrate, and multiplied by one hundred, resulting in the percent of water in the hydrate, which is 36.35%. The percent error is determined by subtracting

The mass percent of water was determined using the mass of water and dividing it by the total mass of the hydrate and then multiplying that answer by 100%. The number of moles of water in a hydrate was determined by taking the mass of the water released and dividing it by the molar mass of water. The number of moles of water and the number of moles of the hydrate was used to calculate the ratio of moles of water to moles of the sample. This ratio was then used to write the new and balanced equation of the dehydration process. The sample was then rehydrated to the original state and the percent of the hydrate recovered was calculated by using the mass of the rehydrated sample by

The goal of this experiment was to determine the empirical formula for a hydrate of magnesium sulfate and water. The technique that was used was measure the mass of the hydrate and then apply heat to evaporate the water. Then determine the mass of water that was in the hydrate and the mass of the remaining magnesium sulfate. The equation for the hydrate is determined by calculating the mole to mole ratio of the water and the anhydrous. The resulting formula will be formated as: MgSO4*_H2O

The primary of this lab is about the hydrate. The hydrate is a compound formed by an ionic bond combined with the water molecule (known as “water of hydration”) attached to it. So for every formula unit, there would be some amount of water molecule combined with the ionic compound and would act as a single compound. Our theoretical hydrate for this lab was CuSO4 * 5H2O. To remove the water from the compound and get the mass of the ionic compound, you need to follow the dehydrating procedure by heating. That would separate the ionic bond (CuSO4) from the water molecule (5H2O) once it reaches certain decomposition temperature. And to physically determine whether or not the water of hydration is removed, see the color, in our case, turning white from blue. Once the water molecules have entirely evaporated, the mass left would be the weight of the ionic compound (mass of CuSO4 in grams).

XIV. Record your observations of the dried, cooled copper metal and weigh the recovered copper.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the many physical and chemical properties of copper as it undergoes a series of chemical reactions. Throughout this process, one would also need to acknowledge that even though the law of conservation of matter/mass suggests that one should expect to recover the same amount of copper as one started with, inevitable sources of error alter the results and produce different outcomes. The possible sources of error that led to a gain or loss in copper are demonstrated in the calculation of percent yield (percent yield= (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100.

The lab performed required the use of quantitative and analytical analysis along with limiting reagent analysis. The reaction of Copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4, mass of 7.0015g with 2.0095g Fe or iron powder produced a solid precipitate of copper while the solution remained the blue color. Through this the appropriate reaction had to be determined out of the two possibilities. Through the use of a vacuum filtration system the mass of Cu was found to be 2.1726g which meant that through limiting reagent analysis Fe was determined to be the limiting reagent and the chemical reaction was determined to be as following:-

The experiment had two part, each part consisted of two trails and each two team members did one trail simultaneously. The goals of the first procedure was to confirm the mass of water % in a known hydrate, CuSO4 *5H2O, then to conform the empirical formula of the hydrate. Part two was the same procedure as part one. However, instead of a known hydrate, an unknown hydrate was given.

Weigh out the necessary grams of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate. The 40-degree group weighed out 40 grams. (See Figure 1)