Summary Of Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Then you will move into stage two which includes sleep spindles and K complexes. Sleep spindles are very short bursts of brain activity, and K complexes are single high voltage strikes of brain activity. Also, in stage two delta brain waves start to slow function of the brain preparing for stage three and four. Stage three and stage four i will talk about as one because they are very similar and do similar things. These stages are referred to slow wave sleep because your brain is in it’s slowest speed of function. In stage three you brain is between 20 and 50 percent delta waves, from 50 to 100 percent delta waves you are considered to be in stage four. While in stage four people may experience sleep walking and other muscular movement without knowing so. Noises as loud as 90 decibels may not be able to wake the person from sleep. During REM sleep which is after NREM sleep the brain is more active and alert. This is where most dreams occur because your brain is active but you are still sleeping. After the short 15 minute period of REM sleep you will start over with stage one of NREM these cycles normally take 90 minutes to complete. Activity during sleep can come at any point but is most common in REM or stage four of

While experiencing good sleep, I will unconsciously pass through five stages: 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM sleep (citation). According to the PL100 text, these stages progress cyclically from 1 through REM then begin again with stage 1, and usually,

The first stage of sleep is call N1. N1 is the stage between sleep and wakefulness. In this cycle, your brain produces Theta waves. Hypnogogic Hallucinations are also present during this phase. Hypnogogic Hallucinations are strange sensations that occur when you hear or see something that is not there. For example, if you watched the movie Frankenstein before you fall asleep, you might see the monster Frankenstein when falling asleep.

Users of these treatments still experience stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM sleep in the same manner and for the appropriate amounts of time. Brain patterns remained the same in each stage with alpha waves in stage 1, sleep spindles and K-complexes in stage 2, slow-wave brain patterns in stages 3 and 4, and theta waves in REM sleep. The process of gaining wakefulness also remains generally identical. As peak levels of melatonin are reached, the function of MT1 receptors and the body’s need for sleep declines. The suprachiasmatic nucleus becomes more excitatory and begins transmitting signals of

The cerebral cortex contains huge numbers of neurons. Activity of these neurons is to some extent synchronized in regular firing rhythms known as brain waves. Electrodes placed on the scalp can detect variations in electrical potential that are derived from the underlying cortical activity. The recording of this electrical activity in the brain is known as an electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG waveform contains component waves of different frequencies. The specific brain wave type indicates the type of brain activity occurring. Alpha waves, for example are more synchronous in the occipital region of the brain when a person is awake but relaxed, with his or her eyes closed, and are indicative of a relaxed mental state (Teplan, 2002; Sammler,

The stages of sleep are onset, stage one, stage two, stage three, stage four and REM. In stage one, the brain wave are the theta waves; in stage two, the brain wave is the theta waves and the sleep spindles; in the third stage the theta and delta waves and in the fourth the delta waves. In onset, the brain wave are the alpha wave and in the REM stage the waves are very calm.

“Call 911!” I heard my aunt yell. Those days, July 31st through August 2nd, 2014, were interesting days. My laws of life were displayed. They are faith and patience. That day was the day I found out I suffered from seizures.

This stage is believed to help people enter deeper stages of sleep (4). Stage 3 sleep consists of 20-50 percent delta activity and stage 4 sleep of more than 50 percents delta activity (4). Stages 3 and 4 are characterized as being slow wave sleep in addition to being the deepest levels of sleep. Approximately 90 minutes after being asleep, people enter rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (4). REM sleep consists of rapid eye movements, a desynchronized EEG, sensitivity to external stimulation, muscle paralysis and dreaming (4).

NREM-1, non-Rapid Eye Movement stage one waves. It’s in this first stage of sleep your brain starts producing theta waves and you might experience hypnagogic sensations-those brief moments when you feel like hearing or seeing things that aren’t there, or like your body is falling, etc.

While "quiet" sleep, a person proceeds through four stages of increasingly deep sleep. Body temperature decreases, muscles relax, and heart rate and breathing slow down. The longest stage of quiet sleep affects physiological changes that help support immune system functioning. The other sleep level, REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, is the stage at people dream. Body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing increase to levels estimated during people are attentive. Studies detail that REM sleep enhances learning and memory, and offers to emotional

This stage is where we can be woken up the easiest. Stage 2 is where our brain activity and eye movement start to slow down and stop. Stage 3 brain waves start to begin with slow and fast movements. Stage 4 also known as deep sleep is the toughest stage to wake someone up. It is the stage where there is no eye movement or muscle activity and if you were to awaken during this stage. The results would be the feeling of grogginess

The first four stages are preparing the body for the last stage which is REM. These stages slow down the brain waves and stop the eye movement; stage four and three are known as delta sleep and during this stage the brain produces delta waves. Delta waves are the lowest out of the frequencies and occur during dreamless sleep. They are used to recover unavailable information that people cannot receive when they are awake. This leads to the REM cycle of sleep where all dreaming occurs. In the REM cycle the brain paralyzes our bodies so that people cannot move. When people first figured out what REM was they didn’t know that our bodies were paralyzed during the stage. The National Sleep Foundation has also been discovering more new things within this discovery. After the REM discovery, people recognized that brain activity during REM resembles wakefulness. People are paralyzed and experience no muscle movement(“National Sleep Foundation”). They have concluded that the REM stage indeed does put us through paralyzation during our sleep, but that's not the only thing our bodies do during REM. During the REM stage of sleep breathing become more irregular, more rapid, and shallow. Eyes jerk rapidly in various directions. Our blood pressure rises and heart rate increases. Our bodies are pretty much awake when we are in this stage(“What Are Dreams"). Usually someone wouldn’t expect this during sleep but this proves that our bodies are just as awake when sleeping than when they actually are awake. The brain and heart act the same way and so do our eyes (just not as slow moving). When someone is awoken during this stage they feel as if they had just experienced the dream in real life. They then realize that it was just a dream by remembering impossible things that couldn’t happen on earth. Because of this discovery of REM scientists can use this information to help figure out why we dream. Maybe they can

 Prior to Stage #1: there is a period of drowsiness in which appear alpha

Imagine getting into bed after a hard day of work, your head hits the pillow and you start to drift off. This is stage one of sleeping, similar to daydreaming. Stage one is also the time in which you have

The neurons in the brain tissue communicate with each other via electrical signals, generating measurable action potential activity. Electrophysiological techniques have been developed to measure this electrical activity. Electrophysiological techniques are some of the classic methods of brain research, partly because they are very sensitive and accurate. They provide quite a number of insights into the subject’s mind as well as allow for study of how the brain works. They can be used during brain surgery as well as when the patient is awake and conscious, as the brain itself does not sense pain during the measurements. Although electrophysiology has been around for close to half a century, it has attained appreciable advances only in the last two decades. These advances have revolutionized the study of brain structure and functions, allowing neurophysiologists to monitor the brain’s activities directly during experiments (Sutler et al., 1999). Even with its significant impact in neurology, however, its presence has been so commonplace that many people no longer realize its ubiquity. This essay explores three electrophysiological techniques namely patch clamp, sharp electrodes, and brain slice recording. It describes how each of these techniques works as well as how advances in the techniques have