Symptoms And Treatment Of Bone Cancer

Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)

Ewing Sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms in bone and soft tissue. It may occur in any bone, but it is most often found in hip bone, ribs, or in the long bones such as femur. Ewing Sarcoma typically occurs more in children and young adults, between the ages of 10- 20. Males are affected more than females.

Osteosarcoma can be diagnosed many ways. Pursuant to the American Cancer Society (2014), if a person presents signs and

The perfect effect and management of persistent discomfort within malignancy depends on awareness of the fundamental pathophysiology structures as well as molecular systems, good examples of such instances include:

Out of all bone cancers, Osteosarcoma is the most common type. It effects about 3% of children with cancer

There are many symptoms that could be possible signs of bone cancer; the most common symptom would be a dull aching pain in the bones or joints of a person. Other symptoms may include mass swelling, numbness, tingling, tenderness, decrease in blood flow, cold limbs such as hands and feet, and a weak or absent pulse in affected area. Weight loss is a common symptom; in some cases a minor injury causes a fracture near where the tumor is located. A bone tumor

For this unit I chose Ewing's sarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, and a primary bone cancer that originates in bone cells. According to Derrer, David a medical reviewer for WebMD, Ewing's sarcoma is a family of tumors that is located in the long bones of the legs and arms, or bones in the chest, pelvis, back, or head (2014). It also develops in the skull or flat bones of the trunks. The most common symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma is pain, however symptoms might vary, depending on the size and location of the cancer. Other symptoms may also include swelling, tenderness, or stiffness in the affected area, fracture, fatigue, fever, weight loss, and anemia. The exact cause of Ewing sarcoma is not fully understood. There seems to be no known risk factors

Osteosarcoma is a malignant cancer of the bone. It originates from connective tissue; hence the suffix “sarcoma”. It is the most common cancer found in the bone, but it is also very rare. Osteosarcoma is more common in males than females, and it is also found mostly in African-Americans. Like all cancer, the cause of osteosarcoma is unknown, but there are risk factors. There is an increased risk of osteosarcoma in people that have germline mutations in the retinoblastoma and tumor protein genes.

Cancer is described in the Merrium-Webster dictionary as: a serious disease caused by cells that are not normal and that can spread to one or many parts of the body. That does not begin to describe the changes in the histology of the cell or to the body’s systems that cancer causes. Cancer is a small word that describes an all encompassing and ever changing disease. Neuroendocrine cancers are rare, so rare that there are only a handful of oncologists that specialize in them. (Newly…, n.d.) Carcinoid lung tumors are even more uncommon. How can science identify and treat a cancer so unique?

Osteosarcoma, deriving form primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, is the most common primary bone malignancy[1]. The incidence rates of osteosarcoma has a bimodal age distribution. It typically occurs during adolescence and has the second peak in older adulthood[2]. There is variability in location between age groups, but usually the osteosarcoma occurs most frequently in long bones. The etiology of osteosarcoma is currently being studied but still not well understood[3]. Several studies showed that age, gender and height are risk factors for osteosarcoma[4]. The overall survival (OS) of osteosarcoma has been improved significantly because of effective chemotherapy combination[5]. Studies showed that complete surgical resection with addition of chemotherapy has increased the 5-year OS to approximately 70%[5], but improvements in osteosarcoma survival during the last decade have been limited[6].

Ewing’s sarcoma is a rare bone cancer.1-3 Ewing’s sarcoma is from the Ewing’s family of tumors.1-9 There are three types of Ewing tumors in bone and they include a classic Ewing’s sarcoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor or PNET, and Askin tumor which is a PNET of the chest wall. Ewing’s sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. It accounts for 2% of all childhood cancers.1-3 Ewing’s sarcoma accounts for approximately 10-15% of all primary bone tumors.2 It is slightly more common in males than females. The ratio has been described as 2:1 and 1.5:1.1-4 It was first discovered in 1921 by James Ewing.1,5 Ewing’s sarcoma is more common in Caucasians. It was described as a “diffuse endothelioma of bone” by Ewing.4 Ewing’s sarcoma can affect any bone. The most common sites are the lower extremities and pelvis.1-4 Tumors can occur in bone or soft tissue (extraosseous). This paper will discuss the causes, the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease.

Tumor induced Osteomalacia is a very rare acquired neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that causes a paraneoplastic syndrome of renal phosphorus loss through the secretion of phosphatonins. The molecules are fibroblast growth factors. Whereas, the patient is a 35-year-old male who is married with two kids. Started having sever pain in his left calf about 8 years ago, which has now moved to all four of his limbs. He has no fever or weight loss of any kind since these symptoms have started. The patient has normal bowl and bladder function. The pain as gotten worse so he is seeing a neurologist to be evaluated. The 35-year-old male is bound to a wheelchair and is bed ridden do to his symptoms. He Depends on others to take care of him and all this

Symptoms and signs of soft tissue sarcoma are not regularly observed or identified in patients until the late stages if any at all. The most common signs of STS are (painless) swellings and lumps in the arms, upper torso or abdomen (uncommon) and legs. Difficulty breathing may be reported by patients. Lipomas lumps, made of fat cells are the most common and are usually not cancerous. These lumps take a considerable amount of time to grow to a size where they proceed to press on nerves, muscles, nearby organs or blood vessels thus causing pain and discomfort.

After radium was discovered in 1898 by the Curies, it quickly became a popular cure for cancer, as well as other common diseases. It became a health tonic for many people, and it was used in many everyday products such as food, cosmetics, paint, and even toothpaste. Radium was then commonly used in watches to make the dials glow in the dark. However, to get these fine numbers on the watch faces, the young girls who would paint them would lick the radium covered brushes for a fine point This introduced the element very efficiently and quickly into the girls’ bodies (Prisco, 2017). Everybody, no matter where in the world they live, is bound to come into contact with radium at some point in their lives, seeing as how it occurs

The possible causes of bone cancer consist of hereditarianism, metal implants, bone implants that are also infected with bone cancer, and possible radiation. Whereas primary bone cancer is very rare, different types of other bone cancers are more common than it. Osteosarcoma usually occurs in people from the ages of ten to nineteen years old. Chondrosarcoma usually occurs in the older population, about forty years old, and the last, Ewing’s sarcoma, is common for children and adolescents under nineteen years of age , is more common in male, and is extremely rare in the African American population. Usually, pain is the most common symptom of bone cancer, but not all bone cancers can be distinguished be pain. If no pain persists, then look for