The And Its Effects On The Body

Supportive Structures Form- When an embryo forms, supportive structures develop that are crucial for proper growth. These structures support and protect these developmental embryos. Some of these structures are the umbilical cord, amniotic sac, the placenta, yolk sac, chorionic villi, and the allantois. During the third week of embryonic development after conception, chorionic villi connect to the uterine wall, which provide maximum contact with maternal blood. They sprout from chorion, are an essential element in pregnancy and a product of conception. Branches of the umbilical arteries carry embryonic blood to the villi. Although the mother’s blood is in contact with the embryo’s villi, the systems

Mammals have evolved from original amniotes to more specialized organisms to reproduce well-adapted, specialized, cellular offspring capable of being more complex individuals and sustaining life more efficiently. With the development of the placenta in mammals they were able to carry their fetus inside of them and give life birth. The placenta’s sole responsibility is to nourish and protect the fetus’ life. Placentas allow live birth because they have created a new way of reproduction. Adapting from amniotes who laid eggs to the development of the yolk sac, this sac like idea evolved and became more specialized. The yolk sac was the precursor to the allantois which is a sac like structure found in reptiles and birds that provides nutrients. The allantois becomes part of the umbilical cord in mammals that is attached to the placenta. Placental mammals can be characterized differently from other type of mammals because they have a wider opening near the bottom of the pelvis. These mammals also lack the epipubic bone that most other mammals possess but their loss of this bone allows growth during pregnancy. Placentas are specialized enough that they are able to provide different levels of

Our discussion on embryonic neurodevelopment will begin with an embryo, which is composed of three distinct layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Each layer gives rise to different structures of the developing body:

their bodies.There are two fallopian tubes that measure about 10cm long. They enter the uterus

The placenta is an internal organ that grows during pregnancy, in normal cases it is attached to the lining of the stomach all through-out pregnancy. It is an endocrine organ that only grows during pregnancy and provides the unborn child blood supply of its own apart from the mothers. The blood supply and nutrients are transferred via the umbilical cord to the child, it is responsible for keeping the baby healthy while inside the womb. The organ works like a regular cycle, it washes the nutrients and oxygen that travels from the mother’s body to the placenta and through the umbilical cord to the fetus. The fetus then disposes the waste products, such as carbon dioxide, back to the placenta where the mother uses bodily functions to dispose of them, it also contains hormones that help the unborn child cultivate and mature.

1. According to LeMone et al. (2014), hypovolemia is the ' 'decreased circulating blood volume ' '. the body will compensate by constricting blood vessels and raising heart rate, and if the volume is low enough, shunting blood to vital areas (the brain, the heart) from less vital areas (skin, muscles, digestive tract, even the kidneys.) according to Nolan, Pullinger, Bath, & Oxford ( 2014), hypovolemia can lead to hypovolemic shock; where a person can lose up to 20 percent of their blood or body fluid. Shock occurs when blood pressure is low to the point where blood does not perfuse the organs and stays low long enough that cells start to malfunction and die. Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency.

[It] consists of two large arteries and a vein. One end is attached to the baby and the other attached to the placenta. The cord fans out to help the placenta, which lies very

Implanted biomaterials provoke an inflammatory response, known as the foreign body reaction {Daghighi, 2014 #119}. Following formation of adsorbed protein layer, a cascade of inflammatory processes occurs on the biomaterial surface and the extent of these events depends on the implantation procedure, target tissue/organ and properties of the adsorbed protein layer {Anderson, 2008 #54}. The presence of specific adsorbed proteins (especially vitronectin) in the layer influences the inflammatory cell interaction with biomaterials and subsequent inflammatory responses {Brodbeck, 2003 #56;Jenney, 2000 #55;McNally, 2008 #504;Wilson, 2005 #57}.

1. Elevate concentrations of maturation promoting factor (oocytes complete meiosis one and begin meiosis II, stopped at metaphase)

B nCreatine was first found in 1832 by a French scientist named Michel Eugene Chevreul. This discovery was found by isolating it from the basified water-extract of the skeletal muscle in animals. He named it creatine after he found concentration of it in animal blood and meat. Justus Von Liebug confirmed in the year 1847 that creatine can be found in the flesh of animal. During his research he also found that wild foxes have more creatine in their muscles than their domestic counterparts. Around 1846, the decomposed product of creatine/creatinine was present in urine. In 1923, the first research demonstrated that when animals were to intake oral creatine, the result was an increase in their weight. After they were to stop or slow their creatine intake, their weight increased slowly over the period of time. In 1926, Alfred Chanutin, showed in his study that humans can retain the storage of creatine in their muscles by taking 10 grams of creatine during the period of a week. The weight gained caused by the intake of creatine allowed Chanutin to come to a conclusion that it has an anabolic effect on humans. However, taking creatine from meat is very expensive for researchers so they started trying to produce the synthetic version of creatine. This was successfully done in the laboratory in the 1950’s. The research studies done in 1978 confirmed that creatine guarantees that nitrogen is retained better in the muscles. This in turns helps muscles to recover faster. Within this

Dry or irritant skin is a reoccurring issue for virtually all individuals. When irritation occurs, many people simply turn to hand moisturizers or lotions to combat the uncomfortable dryness. However, with so many different companies advertising their moisturizer as the best, it is difficult to know which ingredients in moisturizers actually benefit the skin. There are several different formulas and ingredients involved in generating hand moisturizers, and many factors which influence their output. Such factors are the structure of the skin and the inclusion of different ingredients; such as petroleum jelly, mineral oil, glycerin, and triethanolamine. In the experiment moisturizers with different ingredients will be tested on gelatin skin models and their effectiveness will be observed and recorded. The research information documented in this report will provide a better understanding of the cause of the experimental results.

The Placenta is an organ which is attached to the uterine lining during pregnancy. The placenta begins its development from implantation of the blastocyst into the mother’s uterine lining. It connects to the foetus via the umbilical cord and resembles a piece of liver with its reddish brown hue and meat-looking exterior. It is usually delivered after the birth of the baby through the

Cows are predominantly supplemented with vitamin A to maintain the body functions such as the digestive tract. Farmers ensure the provision of vitamin A throughout the cow’s and bulls life as it is essential for reproductive activity and it reduces the abortion rate (Info net Bio vision, 2016). The ash content within the calf pellets is 5.17% as various vitamins and minerals such as B12 and vitamin C are incorporated to maintain body function and reproduction (Info net Bio vision, 2016 and Watson, 2015). Supplementation is required to aid the calf’s growth and development so they should have access to vegetation and roughage daily. Mineral licks should be provided to maintain their mineral intake (Info net Bio vision, 2016).

The planaria are free-living flatworms that scavenge for food and get oxygen through diffusion. Planaria are acoelomates, which means that they do not have a body cavity or organs. They have a solid middle part of their body made from a type of germ layer in animals. They also only have one opening for their digestive system and have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. They have no circulatory system and a simple nervous system with ganglia in the anterior region of the head that acts as a brain. They have eyespots that can sense light and flaps on their heads that can sense chemicals in the water. They like the dark and exhibit negative photo taxis if exposed to light, which means that they will move away from the light. Planaria can reproduce asexually through transverse fission or sexually. All planaria are hermaphrodites, which means that each animal has both male and females reproductive parts and can fertilize itself (Castle, 1927).

There are no additional options for the rest of the sperms left behind since the unique reaction that occurs in the egg does not allowed entrance to any other sperm, therefore the winner continues its journey of forming cells. Three weeks after getting in the uterus it starts the new phase, it becomes warm; therefore, it starts its growing process along with the nutrient rich fluid that only the women’s uterus can provide until becoming blastocyst. At eight weeks in the uterus the baby is an embryo where the placenta starts its creation, later after at twelve weeks it becomes a fetus therefore growing process still in place and getting the baby ready to be born at forty weeks or before depending on the woman health