The Architectural Structure Of Artificial Intelligence Essay

Carr does not present his theory on cognition with only his own opinion and reason; he adds many different resources from which he compiled information in support of his argument, including that from many prominent scientists in the field of neuroscience. However, Carr only seems to focus on the fact that technology

The documentary Alien of the Deep Sea presented us with six different experiments aimed at studying different aspects of octopuses' intelligence. I will focus on just one of those experiments and attempt to apply Jackendoff's First Fundamental Argument which argues that a language user's mind can be viewed as an internal computational system containing unconscious set of rules.

Functionalism, one of the most influential and widespread theories of mind of our day, proposes a model of human behaviour based on the way certain inputs are processed when the mind is in a given state, to yield certain outputs. This theory concerns itself only what mental states do, rather than the substance with which they are made, or whether they exist at all; this is called ‘multiple realizability’. In other words, the theory is ontologically modest, or flexible, and this enables functionalism to stay compatible with Cartesian dualism or monisms like materialism, an advantage when other theories lose followers due to their ontological preconceptions. The other notable strength functionalism claims is that it avoids some of the pitfalls of its counterpart theory, behaviourism. However each of these apparent strengths has flaws, both in and of themselves and in comparison to other theories of mind. These strengths and their flaws will be assessed in this essay, but allow me first to outline what the functionalist theory of mind proposes.

They compare the human mind to being like computers. They have adopted the human metaphor for the mind. This helps create a better understanding of how the mind works as computers and the human mind have quite a few similarities. For example, both have inputs, outputs, limited capacity for the amount of information they can process at any one time and memory stores. Although this computer analogy is helpful in understanding the theory, it is criticised because humans are more complex than computers.

One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the

The Representational Theory of Mind proposes that we, as both physiological and mental beings, are systems which operate based on symbols and interpretations of the meanings of such symbols rather than beings which operate just on physiological processes (chemical reactions and biological processes). It offers that humans and their Minds are computing machines, mental software (the Mind) which runs on physical hardware (the body). It suggests, too, that we are computing machines functioning as something other than a computing machine, just as every other machine does.

Over many years, scientists and philosophers have asked the question: is there any difference in the mind and the brain? These genius minds have searched without sleep trying to figure out this question, but, the puzzles behind our consciousness remain unsolved and unreachable. Philosophers such as Peter Carruthers argue that the mind is the brain and that objections like those made by, philosopher, Frank Jackson, are based on a “conflation of know-how with knowing-that. Again, we are left with the question of whether or not the mind is the brain or if the mind is a completely separate entity in itself. In order to figure this, very difficult and confusing question out, an overview of some philosophical theories can be made, along with an

* Developments in computer science would lead to parallels being drawn between human thought and the computational functionality of computers, opening entirely new areas of psychological thought. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon spent years developing the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and later worked with cognitive psychologists regarding the implications of AI. The effective result was more of a framework conceptualization of mental functions with

Representations is an idea used in many different areas. Hence, the ambiguous meaning for representations. In cognitive science, the word ‘representations” mean

Firstly the problem of GOFAI in its portrayal of the the human mind as a figure that represents the process, and use of knowledge in a formal structure. For this representation of the mind ignores the cognitive faculties that occurs inside the brain when information is attained, or justified. Additionally, GOFAI depicts the mind as an automaton that uses knowledge as a formal code. However, GOFAI cannot reconfigure information to make it true, because it cannot be applying different methods of ‘information’ such belief; whereas the mind is flexible and reconfigure knowledge in a non-strict manner. Insofar, GOFAI equates the human mentality to that of the Turing Machine, which is merely an architecture that is acting in accordance to a set of rules, which results in a response (Walsmey, pp88). Moreover, GOFAI cannot explain, nor possesses the ability to reconfigure knowledge, such as creating an opinion and than applying that idea to their mode of knowledge to see whether it will be feasible enough to work, or if it will fail. For this is the essential aspect of the human mind is procedural knowledge, and the significance of it being an aspect of the human cognition. For this particular strain of epistemology is how knowledge can be obtained through the formation of beliefs, then justifying whether they are true, or false (Matthias, 2016). This leads the agent to recognize the truth, or errors from their beliefs, once they’ve successfully performed the desired action. For

The purpose of this paper is to bring to light a fresh new perspective of Artificial Intelligence or simply (AI). There have been numerous endeavours to make artificial intelligence which is inclusive of frontiers such as neural network, evolution theory, and so forth, not forgetting that a number of current issues have found solutions in the application of these concepts, the case still remains that each theory only covers a certain isolated aspect of human intelligence. To date, he gap that stands between a human being and an artificial intelligence agent still remains unabridged. In this paper an extrapolated version of artificial intelligence shall be discussed which will be augmented by emotions and the plausibility of inheriting a neural architecture from one generation to the next in a bid to make artificial intelligence to compare to the natural behaviour and intelligence of human

In the future, we may be able to build a computer that is comparable to the human brain, but not until we truly understand one thing. Lewis Thomas talks about this in his essay, "Computers." He says, "It is in our collective behavior that we are most mysterious. We won't be able to construct machines like ourselves until we've understood this, and we're not even close" (Thomas 473). Thomas wrote this essay in 1974, and although we have made many technological advances

Firstly, the problem of GOFAI in its portrayal of the human mind as a system that processes and manipulates knowledge in a formal manner. For this representation of the mind ignores the cognitive faculties that occurs inside the brain when information is attained, or justified. Because GOFAI represents that the mind is an automaton that manipulates knowledge through formal code. However, GOFAI cannot reconfigure valid information, nor apply unjustified beliefs to it’s database. Whereas the human mind is flexible, and constantly reconfigures knowledge, unlike GOFAI’s. Insofar, GOFAI equates the human mentality to that of the Turing Machine, which is merely an architecture that acts in accordance to a set of rules, which results in a response (Walsmey, pp88). Significantly, GOFAI doesn 't possesses the ability to flexibly reconfigure knowledge, such as creating opinions branched off from valid information, and then experiment to determine if whether those applicable ideas are either are true, or false. For this essential property of the human mind is procedural knowledge, and that it 's a significance property of human cognition (Koedinger 2006). For this particular strain of epistemology is to determine that knowledge can be obtained through the formation of beliefs, then justifying whether they are true, or false (Matthias, 2016). This leads the agent to recognize the truth, or errors from their beliefs, once they’ve successfully performed the desired action. Furthermore,

According to Fodor, the philosophy of the human mind has been categorized under variety of opposing theories. Two of primary categories commonly debated are functionalism and dualism. Notably, modern philosophers have intensified their arguments on the two frameworks that have been used to define mind philosophy in a manner that makes it easier for individuals to understand how functionalism and dualism can be applied as sound philosophical approaches. By definition, functionalism is considered as an approach that primarily seeks to create a philosophical account of a specific level of abstraction and bases human mental behavior with active adaptations to one’s environment. On the other hand, dualism is used to describe a universal claim that

Artificial Intelligence otherwise known as AI, it is the development and the theory of some computer systems which are able to undertake certain tasks which will normally need the intelligence of humans. The tasks that are normally in need of the human intelligence are the likes of translation of languages, making decisions recognition of speech among others. Good examples of these technologies that fall under the AI are; augmented reality, Virtual Assistants, and robots. On the other hand, employee productivity can also be called workforce productivity. Productivity is evaluated in terms of the output of employees within a given time. A Lot of US multinational have embraced the use of this technology as it has been touted as leading to some financial benefits(Bobrow,2005). My research is limited to American multinational corporations like Amazon and Google.