The Assessment Of Disease Activity

ANA: test for these autoantibodies (very general); DsDNA (+): Making antibodies to and attacking own DNA; Anti-Sm (+): these antibodies generally interfere with the cells metabolism and are responsible for the symptoms specifically seen with SLE. Here, they are specifically targeted at smooth muscle. CRP elevated: also indicates presence of inflammation, but is more specific towards disease activity; ESR elevated: indirectly indicates the activity of the disease and presence of inflammation; C3 and C4 (decreased): C3 and C4 usually attack the membranes of viruses and bacteria, but in the case of lupus, they attack the own body’s cells. When C3 and C4 suggest the disease is active

Management of SLE often depends on the severity of the disease. One treatment option are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), usually taken orally. There are over-the-counter NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, Advil, and aspirin. NSAIDs are used to treat swelling, pain and fever associated with lupus. They are also an inflammation suppressant. Different people respond better to one certain NSAIDs than another, sometimes a stronger NSAID is needed and available with a prescription. Jillian has already been taking ibuprofen, either a prescription NSAID would be needed or another treatment option. Immunosuppressants are also used as a treatment for SLE. Immunosuppressants, taken orally, are drugs that are used to suppress the immune system, which is helpful in more serious cases of lupus. Immunosuppressants work to suppress SLE symptoms “by interfering with the synthesis of DNA, the material in your cells that contain the blueprints for all of your genetic information” (Johns Hopkins Lupus Center). It is important for Jillian to get the right treatment for SLE, the symptoms are interfering with her daily life in a detrimental way. By managing her symptoms, Jillian will be able to live a normal

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) also referred to lupus dates back to the middle ages and has made an explosion in the past 60 years. Even though more than 1.5 million Americans have lupus and 90% of lupus sufferers are women, between the ages of 15 to 44 (Lupus Research Institute), there is little awareness about the disease. 72% of Americans aged 18-34 have either not heard of the disease or know nothing about it (Medical News Today). However, researchers continue on working to have a better understanding of SLE factors, pathophysiology, current treatment and new prospects for treatment.

Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause that can affect virtually any part of the body. The medical term for Lupus is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or better known as SLE. With Lupus there is a malfunction in some of the cells of the immune system. "In Lupus, the body overreacts to an unknown stimulus and makes to many antibodies, or proteins directed against body tissue. Thus, Lupus is called an autoimmune disease. ”#

Szuda, Stephanie “Health: Life with Lupus.” The Times. 11 Jan 2008. 19 Nov 2010. <Mywebtimes.com>

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease in which a person’s own immune system begins to recognize its own tissues and organs as foreign antigens which causes it to attack and injure those targeted structures (Perspectives 14). Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) causes coin-shaped lesions to appear on the skin and does not affect any other system other than the integumentary (Perspectives 23). As stated on the Mayo Clinic website the etiology of the disease is idiopathic, but it is believed that environmental factors and inherited genetic code may contribute to the formation of lupus. Lupus can also be triggered by sunlight, infections, and medications such as anti-seizure and hypertension prescriptions (Mayo Clinic). Iatrogenic cases of the disease often have their symptoms reduced or eradicated after stopping those medications (Mayo Clinic). Diagnosis of the disease is based upon criteria set in place by the American College of Rheumatology as lupus often affects the muscle and joints (Lupus.org). The list is comprised of eleven common signs and symptoms that have been observed by rheumatologists. They are: Malar or

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that attacks women between the ages of 15 and 40. It occurs less often in men than in women. The people affected by lupus vary depending on the country or region. In the US alone, the prevalence rate is highest among Asians of Hawaii, blacks of Caribbean origin, and Native Americans of the Sioux, Arapahoe, and Crow tribes. Lupus is a disease that affects the immune system. We can think of the immune system as an army within the body with hundreds of defenders (known as antibodies). They defend the body from attack by germs and viruses. In lupus, however, the immune system becomes overactive and creates antibodies that attack healthy tissues in the body, such as: the skin, kidneys, lungs, heart and brain.

In old san juan you cam find amazing places, one of the best places is El paseo de la princesa.El paseo de la princesa is one of the most beautiful place you can visit, because of the views and cultural heritage. “I remember that night as a magical night, and the way the city looked. I always meant to go back there, but maybe it would be better not to, for things are never the same the second time”(maxwell perkins).

This paper will examine Temple Mount with Dome of the Rock in the Old City of erusalem as an example of the layered religious landscape shared between biblical traditions b racing its significance forthe Jews and Muslim through centuries. This will reveal the utmost ignificance of the Temple Mount and Dome of the Rock for preserving self-identity for Israeli nd Palestinians as well as will illustrate how the sacred place turned out to be a stumbling hat demonstrates inadequacy, intolerance, and spite of the contemporary followers ofthe large Abrahamic religions. As stated in Encyclopedia of Religion, the very known to be a ersonification and symbol ofthe "sanctity of place of the religionsthat

Makover, M. & Zieve, D. (2011, February 14). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved July

The detection of autoantibodies against intracellular targets called antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is important in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Testing for ANA is therefore a logical first step in the differential evaluation of patients when systemic autoimmune etiology is suspected. Timely diagnosis of SARD is challenging due to the wide spectrum of overlapping symptoms. Furthermore, while the frequency of ANA is highest in patients with SARD, these antibodies are also found in

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease which causes inflammation of your joints, tissues, and organs. The inflammation presents itself as heat, pain, swelling and redness. SLE is a variable disease that doesn’t take any one particular course; therefore its unpredictability makes it even more devastating. No two people will experience the same disease symptoms or severity level. As S.L.E progresses there will be periods of very subtle to no symptoms at all called remission or an exacerbation of symptoms called flares.

Systemic lupus erythematosus, or simply lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease or immune system malfunction. A person's immune system normally protects the person from viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. When a person has an autoimmune diseases like lupus, the immune system turns against itself and attacks itself.

     In conclusion Lupus is definitely a very serious disease that we must learn more about. My great aunt had Lupus for over ten years and during that time suffered in ways no person should have to. She would fall down constantly and break bones. Near the end of her life, she would break bones doing stuff as simple as getting out of bed.

After only a few phrases expressed in The Bell Jar, the thought of suicide and death seem to express itself among Plath’s storyline. The novel beguines with talk of cadavers and the death of the Rosenbergs for being Communist spies and the protagonist, Esther, continues to express thoughts of identity struggle, lack of personal expression in society, and feeling out of place through the first several chapters—thoughts suicidal individuals contemplate. Ironically, for a novel about death, The Bell Jar spends a lot of time fixating topic of birth. Sylvia Plath attempts to apply the theme of birth and its relativity to death in several contexts. I feel that the contrast of death and birth is a way of expression brought forward by Esther since she wants the death of everything she hates about herself and the world she lives in, so that she can be reborn into something entirely new and different.