Purpose of the Study: To analyze the availability of play opportunities for children in early childhood programs in rural India.
Rationale of the Study: The study is being conducted after reading various researches conducted in this field. India is a land of diversities and hence the availability of play and its opportunities are also varied. This study attempts to analyze this diversity at three different setups. Play enhances a child’s development significantly. It serves as a foundation for many aspects, for e.g. peer relationships, group work, problem solving skills, critical thinking, etc.
Research Questions of the Study: The following are the questions which will be addressed in this research-
1.Why is outdoor and indoor play
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(UNESCO)
3.Play: According to Webster 's Desk Dictionary of the English Language, the word play has 34 different meanings. In terms of young children and play, the following definitions from Webster 's are found to be applicable as well as useful: light, brisk, or changing movement (e.g., to pretend you 're a butterfly)to act or imitate the part of a person or character (e.g., to play house) to employ a piece of equipment (e.g., to play blocks) exercise or activity for amusement or recreation (e.g., to play tag) fun or jest, as opposed to seriousness (e.g., to play peek-a-boo or sing a silly song) the action of a game (e.g., to play duck-duck-goose) a recreational activity; spontaneous activities of children
4.Cognitive Development: This is defined as the change or stability in mental abilities, such as reasoning; thinking, memory, creativity, problem solving skills, etc.
5.Socio-Emotional Development: This is defined as the change or stability in emotions, personality and social relationships. (Papalia, 2004)
6.Physical Development: (a) Gross-motor Development- This is defined as the usage of large muscles in our body for activities such as kicking, walking, jumping, hoping, skipping, standing, etc. It comprises of using muscles from our hands and feet and their synchronization.
(b) Fine-motor Development- This is defined as the ability or usage of small muscles i.e. fingers for activities such as pinching, folding, holding, writing, etc. It involves synchronization of
Physical development is the area of physical activity for moving and handling including fine motor and gross motor skills. This area of development includes gross activities such as running, walking, climbing etc and also fine motor so pencil/ brush control, handling objects
Personal, Social and Emotional Development - This area is split into three aspects. Firstly, ‘self-confidence and self-awareness’, this means that children are confident with familiar people and are confident to try new activities. Secondly, ‘managing feelings and behaviour’, this means that children are able to show their feelings and know that some behaviour is unacceptable. Finally, the last aspect is ‘making relationships’, this means that children can play with peers and listen to others ideas about activities. Children can then also build relationships with their key person and other members of staff.
Physical development is the growth of movement skills in both fine and gross motor skills and development in hand to eye co-ordination. Each of these is
Emotional development is the expected pattern of a Childs ability to feel and express and increa vsing range of emotions. Social and behavioural development is the expected growth pattern of a child’s ability to relate to the world around them. There are various theories and models that show the different aspects of the development stages. I have combined these and below is my understanding of these.
Physical development is physical movements of all areas of the body. This may include fine motor skills, gross motor skills and hand eye co-ordination. Fine motor skills may be for e.g. threading a bead on to a piece of string, gross motor skills are for e.g. star jumps and hand eye co-ordination is for e.g. throwing a ball and catching it. These activities can be done indoors and outdoors.
Play is essential to every part of children’s lives and is important to their development. It provides the children with different ways of doing things children will want to explore and learn new things.
Social and emotional development: this refers to the development of the child's own identity and self image. Some may want to start doing things for themselves and become more independent. They will develop a sense of their own identity. Learning to live in a family unit and with others in society is a vital part of development in which will be contributed by friends and family.
The Playwork Principles (2006) state “All children and young people need to play. The impulse to play is innate”.
These involve the small muscles of the body used for hand –eye co-ordination, writing and grasping of small objects.
The relationship between play and learning seems obvious to many child professionals and parents, and yet there are still lack of understanding surrounding the importance of children's play. Some people believe that children need to "work" not play, and that playing serves no useful purpose in a learning and development environment. This is surprising considering that play, with its high levels of motivation and potential enjoyment empowers children (as well as people
vPhysical development: Gross motor skills (using large muscles such as arms and legs), fine motor skills (precise use of muscles such as hands and fingers).
The Early Years Learning Framework relates the importance of play to notions of belonging, being and becoming. It states that children make sense of their social worlds through playing with others (DEEWR, 2009). Article 13 of the UN Convention reads that every child has the right to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child (Connor, 2010). It is important to note that play has multiple approaches and that children’s play varies greatly according to culture, interests,
Play contributes to children’s “physical, emotional and social well-being” (Else, 2009, p.8) and through play, the child’s holistic development and well-being is being constantly accounted for as is it led by the individual. The child decides what s/he wants to do and does it; it is
Play is the foundation stone of children’s healthy and productive lives (Oliver & Klugman, 2002) and is also a significant means of child’s learning and development (Zigler, Singer & Bishop-
There are two areas of physical development: gross motor (sometimes called large muscle) and fine motor (sometimes called small muscle).