The Causes Of Non-Communicable Diseases ( NCD )

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) extended to involve the developing countries this is probably due to change in life style and dietary habits, one of the examples in developing countries is India were the mortality from CVD increased to 103% in men and by 90% in women from 1985 to 2015 (WHO 2003), (Sharma & Ganguly 2005).

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A non-communicable disease (NCD) is defined as a disease which is not infectious. Such diseases may result from genetic or lifestyle factors. Such diseases may result from genetic or lifestyle factors. Current evidence indicates that four types of NCDs (i.e. cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases) account for almost two third of all deaths globally, with 80 per cent of these deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. NCDs are a leading threat to health and development. Yet, these diseases are preventable. By eliminating shared risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and the harmful use of alcohol, almost 80 per cent of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes and over a third of all cancers could be prevented. In addition, improved disease management can reduce morbidity, disability and death and contribute to better health outcomes. Overall, proven cost-effective strategies do exist to prevent and control this growing burden.

Environmental barriers, such as, not having access to healthy food can have an adverse impact on a person health, especially if their lives are further complicated by a chronic illness. For instant, diabetes which is a disease that affects at least 16 million Americans; African Americans and Latinos are the groups that are affected the most, as compared to the White population (Horowitz, Colson, Hebert & Lancaster, 2004). African Americans and Latinos are more likely to have more complications due to diabetes as well as a higher mortality rate (Horowitz et al., 2004). Some populations of people are prone to having a high prevalent rate of diabetes; therefore, research done at a community level is necessary to help figure out why

Chronic illnesses are a vicious cycle where one illness often leads to another. Think about people being obsese due to inactivity and eating habits. Which in turns into hypertension, diabetes and heart disease and obsesity if not monitored. Not one disease can come alone. African American men are 30% more likely to die from heart disease. 3.7 million (14.7%) of all African Americans aged 20 years or older have diabetes and or suffer from Hypertension. Stress is also a factor in heart disease and hypertension. Obesity is assumed to pose a risk for diabetes. On the other hand, blacks are less likely to report a number of conditions so the mortality rate is

According to Mason et al., chronic conditions are the number one cause of death in the United States (Mason et al., 2016 p. 275). These chronic illnesses include pulmonary disease, arthritis, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological disease, alcoholism, mental health disorders, gastroenterology conditions, lupus, liver disease, cancers, and many more. While some conditions have uncontrollable risk factors such as age, genetics, gender, and race, society has a large contribution to these poor health conditions as well. Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use, physical and emotional stress, lack of exercise, sleep deprivation, and poor dietary choices all increase the chance of developing a chronic illness.

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Risk factors for non-communicable diseases, coupled with decreased health care access, make this population highly disproportionately vulnerable to various health disorders, including

Social determinants are highly interrelated thus, making them difficult to precisely classify. Hence, the main categories that will be focused on for this assessment are socioeconomic, race and ethnicity, social support, access to medical care, and residential environments. This breakdown of social determinants, I feel is adequate to develop an interpretation of the problem of CVD on a global scale.

The residents of Africa are suffering from preventable, treatable, and fatal diseases everyday at a higher rate compared to developed countries. The healthcare crisis in Africa is the primary cause of all these deaths, and includes inefficient healthcare systems. Consequently, African's inefficient healthcare systems results in poor delivery of care and a shortage of health professionals. The healthcare crisis in Africa is a current issue impacting the lives of many African's who don't have the same access to resources as developed countries such as the United States. These resources can save the lives of many African's dying of preventable and curable disease, and understanding why the African continent has little access to them

El Salvador bears a great burden of noncommunicable diseases, with the top four causes of death in 2016 being from some form of noncommunicable disease. The risks factors that increase risk of death most significantly include drug and alcohol abuse, obesity, high fasting plasma glucose, poor diet, and impaired kidney function. Since 1990, El Salvador has seen a sharp increase in death due to diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disease, while it has seen a significant decrease in death by common infectious diseases such as diarrhea, likely due to El Salvador developing economically and structural within the timespan. In comparison to the global, regional, and high-income percentages of death, El Salvador faces significantly higher rates

The main problems with the existing system and goals for the future system identified as below:

EXISTING PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESSES IN THE CURRENT PROCESSES AND ADDITIONAL CAPABILITIES NEEDED TO BE DEVELOPED:

Despite notable declines in mortality trends, Thailand still faces critical health issues. Achievements in both economic and social development, as well the implementation of universal health care attribute to this decline1. Regardless of successes disparities remain nationally and inequality follows. Non-communicable diseases account for the largest burden of mortality, NCDs compromise chronic, and non-infectious diseases. The proportional mortality with respect to total deaths is 71%2. This approximates that 355, 710 deaths of 510,000 total deaths are a result of NCDs2. However, combatting NCDs proves difficult as development largely reflects individual behavior. Careful surveillance is needed3, without it tracking implications of behaviors is unreliable and developing prevention strategies is difficult with lacking data on epidemiological trends. Though preventable, they are often detected when advanced. Long term cases need proper management. But with a shortage of rehabilitative personnel tertiary care is threatened, this must be reversed to treat long-term conditions4. To reduce advanced detection of diseases more focus on prevention, screening, and early detection is necessary to help decrease DALY’s and promote functional healthy living4. Adequate resources as well as access is detrimental, scaling up is imperative to increase the distribution of health professionals beyond metropolitan areas as there is a large disparity in delivery of services between urban and