The Chemical Elements Hydrogen And Oxygen

The first thing water reminds us of is the clear liquid in our water bottles. However, water is more than a normal substance. Water is the beginning and the continual of life on earth. Because of its many unique properties, water was able to start life on our planet. Water covers about 3/4 of the earth. In nature, water naturally exists in all three physical states of matter—solid, liquid and gas. Water's extraordinary properties are emergent properties resulting from water's structure and molecular interactions. Living cells are 70%-95% H2O

These hydrogen-bond attractions can occur between molecules (intermolecular) or within different parts of a single molecule (intramolecular).[1] The hydrogen bond (5 to 30 kJ/mole) is stronger than a van der Waals interaction, but weaker than covalent or ionic bonds. This type of bond can occur in inorganic molecules such as water and in organic molecules like DNA

The placement of hydrogen and helium on the Periodic Table causes many of the mistakes, anomalies and exceptions in the rules it follows. First, hydrogen is a non-metal, but it is placed on the metal side due to its atomic number and because it only has one valence electron. Placing the element in the middle of the table keeps hydrogen from being falsely labeled as an alkali metal and keeps it from being classified as a metal since it isn’t identified with a specific column or group. Secondly, helium is a noble gas, but it has two valence electrons, which means it should be in group two. However, it is a non-metal so putting it in group two would also be inaccurate. To fix this, we also put helium in the center and used color coding to match

WATER ON MARS! This is a common headline that has been found countless times in newspaper and website articles since Martians and other aliens were first popularized in the media. But why exactly are we even looking for water on mars? And why are we searching for beings not first theorized by scientists, but by legend and popular culture? Because life exists or has existed somewhere in our universe besides Earth. They may not be the green, humanoid Martians that we have thought up or even something we can see with our current technology, but it exists or did at one point.

The Element Oxygen has a chemical symbol O and atomic number 8. Oxygen was produced by numerous chemists prior to discovery in 1774, but each chemist failed to record it as an element. The main people are British clergyman Joseph Priestley, Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele and French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier all independently discovered oxygen. But Priestley usually gets the credit for the discovery. The name oxygen was first used by Lavoisier in 1777.

Some of these contrasts are easily clarified. For example, nonmetals such as Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Neon, and Krypton are much less abundant relative to silicon on Earth than they are in the rest of the universe. These elements are either noble gases (Helium, Neon, and Krypton) or elements that form volatile hydrides, such as NH3(Ammonia), CH4(Methane), and H2O(Water). Because of Earth’s gravity not being strong enough to hold such light substances in the atmosphere, these elements have been slowly dispersing into outer space ever since Earth was formed. Argon is an exception; it is relatively abundant on Earth when compared with the other noble gases because it is continuously produced in rocks by the radioactive decay

The observation of the behaviour of various gaseous elements, lead to the discovery that several of them are made up of molecules, rather than atoms. An example of this would be hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). Oxygen is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. When these elements are bonded, they produce H2O (H2+O2 = H2O). Ionic bonds are created when one atom gives its electrons to the other atom and therefore becomes positively charged whilst the other one is negatively charged. The two atoms then attract to each other and bond. A covalent bond is formed when two atoms overlap their outer electron shell with each other. In this way, some of the electrons are shared between them. The final type of bonding is known as a metallic bond.

The fact that NASA has spent years searching for planets that could support life makes people wonder whether there could be life already out there. In 2009 NASA launched the Kepler space telescope hoping to find as many habitable planets as possible. Kepler has found over 1000 exoplanets and confirmed that twelve are within habitable zones. Scientists look at many factors to determine in a planet can be habitable: how close it is to its host star, if it has an atmosphere, and if the planet has traces of water (Mike Wall). After 15 years of research NASA announced the discovery of water on Mars. Scientist believe that the red planet could of been covered in oceans at one point in time, but over time the water evaporated (Nola

Water is the fundamental source of life on earth. Although water has one of the most unique properties it is the most abundant compound in the biosphere. It is the only substance known that exists naturally in its 3 stages, solid, liquid and gas and has the highest number of possible crystal structures. The formula for water is H20, it is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and because water has a net dipole the shape of the water is bent.

Earth truly is an amazing planet, it hosts vast amounts of diverse species and variety of environments that makes life possible, livable and scientifically, the reason why we are here today. We, humans with our advancements in science and technology, have the ability to create the genetic materials in replacement for natural ones, develop cures for diseases, learn and communicate with a touch of our fingertips, the capability to build complex air shuttles that can explore to outer space and soon to land and study a planet different from ours. As we gain more knowledge about life outside earth, one of the main elements scientist look for when examining and exploring a possible substitute for our dear planets is water. “Water is life. It's the briny broth of our origins, the pounding circulatory system of the world, a precarious molecular edge on which we survive. It makes up two-thirds of our bodies, just like the map of the world; our vital fluids are saline, like the ocean. The apple doesn't fall far from the tree.” (Water Is Life, 2017) For this reason, the element that I selected from the material cycle that we have studied is water.

Many scientists believe that we are one of many species in the universe that exist on more planets than just Earth. It would be silly if someone did not believe that there is life on some of the billions of planets to exist in our galaxy alone. NASA has found evidence of another potential solar system. This is a collection of stars orbiting around a single star and is located around 39 light years from Earth. Nasa’s telescope team said it had found a system of seven planets that were all similar in size to Earth (Gaffey). The planets formed farther out from Trappist-1 and then moved inward. This makes it more likely that they could contain some form of water. Volatile compounds (molecules that easily turn to gas) like water are usually concentrated further out in star systems. The fourth, fifth, and six planets orbit in the star’s habitable zone so they are particularly likely to have liquid water on their surface. This

Oxides of Hydrogen Introduction: Hydrogen atoms can react with oxygen atoms forming different compounds. There are mainly two types, one is water and the other is hydrogen peroxide. Structure: A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom joining together by covalent bonds.

The hydrophobic effect very clearly displays the properties of water. Nonpolar molecules are not able to participate in ionic interactions, or even in hydrogen bonding. The interactions between water molecules and nonpolar molecules are not as favorable as the interactions between the water molecules with each other. The water molecules form “cages” around the nonpolar molecules when they are interacting with each other. But, some of the water molecules are released when 2 of the nonpolar molecules are interacting with each other. The water molecules being released

Water is a tasteless, odorless and transparent liquid and is commonly described as the universal solvent (Shih, 2014). Solid, liquid and gas are the states of water that exist in the environment. The most abundant molecular compound covering seventy percent of our planet’s surface is water (Shih, 2014). The amount of water is constant (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources [OMNR], 2009). However, only point zero one percent of the total water on the planet is fresh water (OMNR, 2009).

Water is life because most of the living organisms depend on it for survival, the earth’s surface is covered by a significant percentage of water almost seventy percent of earth’s surface is water. A large portion of the water in the land is on the ground it’s about 95.6%. The water in the ground is 1.7%; in glaciers found in Antarctica in the icecaps is about 1.7%. Another fraction is in the lakes, rivers, seas, in the atmosphere, there is a small portion. In all these water bodies a small percentage of about 0.3% is fresh water.