The Clinical Manifestations And Pathophysiology Of Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is also called insulin-dependent because the pancreas produce little to no insulin due to the destruction of beta cell in pancreas(Bardsley et al, 2004). Therefore, the insulin have to be injected manually for body to function normally. (Seewaldt et.al, 2000) states that in type 1 diabetes, the beta cell located in the islets of Langerhans have antigen that cause the immune system to produce antibodies and kill the insulin producing cells. The autoimmune response is thought to be caused by the autoreactive CD4 and CD8 effector cells that recognise islet self-antigens, as an outcome there is greater than 90% destruction on insulin producing cell BACH (1994). Similarly, (Nakayama et al,2005) and (Kent et al, 2005) supports that insulin in itself is a

With over 30 million people having diabetes, the prevalence is continuing to rise. An estimated 200,000 American youth are effected by type 1 diabetes and 40,000 new cases are diagnosed each year¹. The rate for type 1 diabetes in youth has increased by 1.8% each year. In comparison, the prevalence for type 2 diabetes in youth has increased at a rate of 4.8% annually². No matter whether diabetes is type 1 or type 2 in children, family involvement is essential for optimal outcomes³.

Let’s rewind to August (2010), the first day of fourth grade was rapidly approaching. I became sick with a strong virus, a virus that may possibly have been the start to a never ending obstacle. Weeks after the virus was gone, I began to experience strange and unusual symptoms. These symptoms included increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintended weight loss, and weakness. These symptoms didn’t go unnoticed. When my mom noticed these changes, she immediately wanted my blood sugar tested. When it was tested, the number that appeared was 518. A healthy, non-diabetic person should have

J. J. is a 12-year-old, independent, type 1 diabetic; diagnosed at 5-years-old. Her experience of being diagnosed was a difficult and almost fatal one. It all started when J. J. got a bad ear infection and had an accident, which was extremely abnormal for her. The doctor put her on amoxicillin, and a week later she came down with a rash. J. J.’s mother brought her the doctor, and he thought it was mono. They did a mono test and the results came back negative, however, the doctor was sure it was mono. He told J. J.’s mother to stop giving her the amoxicillin and that the symptoms would subside. They stopped taking the antibiotic, however, J. J. symptoms got worse. She was frequently thirsty, using the restroom often, sleeping a lot, and would complain of stomach pain. J. J.’s mother said, “my ex and I would ask if the doctors were going to test her blood. None of the doctors did” (personal communication, October 26th, 2016). J. J. went to 4 different doctors before she was in some much pain that she couldn’t move and was throwing up; later that day, she was diagnosed in the Ellensburg’s Emergency Room. J. J.’s mother stated, “the ER doctor walk into the room and immediately said she diabetes, and needs to go to children’s now. The doctor said she could smell the ketones on J. J.’s breath.” (personal communication, October 26th 2016). Ketones are substances that the body creates, when it breaks down fat, instead of carbohydrates for energy. Ketones make the blood

For unknown reasons, the body of a T1D attacks the insulin producing cells, called islets, that are formed in the pancreas and destroys them. This type of attack is known as an autoimmune disorder (Diabetes Research Institute Foundation [DRIF], n.d.). Insulin is the hormone that allows sugar to enter cells, and produce energy. The body now sees islet cells as foreign and eventually the pancreas yields little to no islet cells. Once there are no more islet cells to produce the insulin hormone the sugar levels in the blood become high, called hyperglycemia. This disturbance in homeostasis is not like type 2 diabetes (T2D), where the body becomes insulin resistant. In a T2D, the pancreas still produces islet cells and they are still

In each individual’s time on earth normally there is a great chance of some sort of tragedy to occur, possibly in many different ways. This could either be triggered by oneself or from another individual’s decision. There are certain situations that are out of one’s control. Leaving those affected the responsibility of taking charge of the problem and making the best of the situation. Some situations offer minimal risk to the health of an individual or others. There are specific cases that it is the opposite and the situation dealt is terminal or completely life altering. Health related issues and many other opportunities are now restricted just from a diagnoses like type 1 diabetes. This situation is all too familiar to a personal experience in my own life. I have been diagnosed with an incurable disease called, and now a type 1 diabetic.

This disease does not favor one gender over the other, it effects males and females equally. Currently, the origin of diabetes is a conundrum. Although, it is understood that the immune system attacks the beta cells but it is not clear how or why it occurs. It is hypothesized that T1D maybe hereditary and environmental factors contribute to the onset (5). Symptoms prevail in individuals whom have the majority of their beta cells destroyed via a cellular mediated autoimmune response (1).

The phenotype for Type 1 diabetes includes the presence of autoantibodies in the body. [7] These autoantibodies prevent the pancreas from adequately

My family and I have managed diabetes for a considerable length of time are as yet managing this ailment. My grandmother had Type 1 diabetes, my dad has Type 1 diabetes, and I have Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a condition where the measure of glucose in your blood is too high in light of the fact that the body can 't utilize it legitimately. This is on the grounds that your pancreas does not create any insulin, or insufficient, to offer glucose some assistance with entering your body 's phones – or the insulin that is delivered does not work legitimately. There are three principle sorts of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational diabetes. This article will manage what those sorts of diabetes are, what causes them, and

Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease. When a person has type one diabetes the immune system attacks the beta cells that produce insulin. When enough cells are destroyed the body doesn’t produce enough, or any insulin. Without insulin your cells do not absorb the glucose that accumulates in the blood stream. In addition to a spike in the blood sugar, the body is not storing the glucose as glycogen as a reserve.

In recent studies, Diabetes type 1 has been scientifically linked to a chronic autoimmune disorder. The immune system attacks the beta cells, in the Islets of Langerham, located in the pancreas. This leads to the insulin producing cells to be destroyed and damaged, which ultimately ends up with very limited blood glucose or no insulin production at all.

This means that something in the immune system has gone wrong, so the body attacks itself. Antibodies that are supposed to protect the body from “foreign invaders,” turn against and attack the body instead. Researchers have shown that two particular genes are involved in the autoimmune aspects of diabetes (Jacobs 43). Scientists believe that about 90 percent of people with Type 1 diabetes have inherited certain HLA antigens, which are proteins on the surface of the body’s cells. These antigens help the immune system to determine which tissues are the body’s own and which ones are not. The inherited HLA antigens are the possible cause of what make the beta cells seem foreign and cause the immune system to attack (Goodheart

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the islet cells in the pancreas are killed off by the subject’s immune system. The disease is genetic and can be triggered by a cold or flu virus. The first historic evidence of type 1 diabetes was referred to as the “pissing disease,” because those who were sick would die from dehydration due to frequent urination. Insulin is a hormone that acts as a key that opens the door for cells to receive glucose. The first experiments with insulin, the hormone that the islet cells produce, was preformed by injecting the hormone from one dog’s pancreas to another dog’s bloodstream. The blood sugar of the dog receiving the insulin was lowered. When the mass production of insulin began, the manufacturers used modified bacteria to

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that begins when the pancreas quits making insulin. Insulin plays a key role by letting glucose enter the body’s cells, and then uses it for energy. When the body doesn’t get the