FIGURE 1 Bar chart shows the mean of relative abundance of each taxa in both faecal and oral samples. Orange bars indicate faecal samples and blue bars indicate oral samples. Faecal bars represent the mean and error bars the standard error (n=31), while oral bars represent the mean and error bars the standard error (n=99). The most common abundance of bacteria in faecal sample were Bacteroides and while the most common abundance of bacteria in oral sample were Streptococcus. The mean of abundance is obtained by summing up the abundance of each taxa and divide it by the total number of samples in each faecal and oral samples respectively. Standard error is obtained by dividing standard deviation of each taxa with total number of samples that have been square rooted in each faecal and oral samples respectively.
Result for culture dependent and independent in oral cavities:
FIGURE 2 Bar chart represents the percentage of student cohort in each taxa for culture dependent and independent data. The orange bars indicate culture dependent data while the blue bars indicate culture independent data. Culture independent data detects all aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobes as well as obligate anaerobes but culture dependent cannot identified any of these obligate anaerobes. However, culture independent data does not detect Staphylococcus. Percentage of student cohort is obtained by counting the amount of each taxon identified (only relative abundances of bacteria that are
There are many differents ways to identify a bacterial unknown and many different situations where identification would be beneficial. One way to identify bacterial unknowns is to perform biochemical tests. In this experiment multiple biochemical tests were done, by performing these tests on the bacterial unknown received the two different bacteria were then identified. The citrate test is done to test the ability of organisms to use citrate as a carbon source. This test uses Simmons citrate agar, the agar contains sodium citrate as the only carbon source and has bromothymol blue as the pH indicator. The organisms that use citrate as a carbon source use the enzyme to transport the citrate into the cell. The cells converts ammonium dihydrogen
Collectively, the results for the biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggest that the environmental isolate is of the Bacillus species and more specifically, is the bacteria Bacillus cereus. B. cereus are Gram-positive bacillus bacteria that are typically motile species, although some strains are not (BAM 2012, Bergey 1957).
Often scientists work with bacteria that do not come in a labeled test tube— for example, bacterial samples taken from infected human tissue or from the soil—and the scientist must then identify the unknown microorganism in order to understand what behavior to expect from the organism, for example, a certain type of infection or antibiotic resistance. However, because of the relatively few forms of bacteria compared to animals and because of the lack of bacterial fossil records due to their asexually reproductive nature, the taxonomy used to classify animals cannot be applied to bacteria (Brown 275). In order to classify unknown bacteria, a variety of physiological and metabolic tests are available to narrow a sample down from the fathomless number of possibilities into a more manageable range. Once these tests have been performed, the researcher can consult Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, a systematically arranged and continually updated collection of all known bacteria based on their structure, metabolism, and other attributes.
This experiment was conducted to find the genus and species of an unknown bacteria prescribed by the lab teacher, which was unknown bacteria GA3 in my case. Identification of unknown bacteria techniques are used on an every day basis to figure out what type of bacteria it is and to find the best method of how to treat a patient with this bacteria (1). All five “I’s” of Microbiology were used in the testing for the unknown culture. Inoculation was used several times to put the unknown culture into agar plates or into biochemical test tubes. After Inoculation of these tubes or plates, they always were placed into the incubator for further growth and development. Isolation was used to make sure we got the correct bacteria we were testing for. After each further isolation, we gram stained the culture and inspected the culture under a microscope to further help in the identification process of the unknown bacteria. Multiple tests were done on the unknown culture to make sure we were confident in what kind of bacteria the unknown was.
Bacteria are ubiquitous; they can be found on the skin, in the soil, and inside the body. Because of the very nature of this ubiquity, it is important to be able to determine between different strains of bacteria. An example of this is determining the causative agent for a disease so that the patient will be treated with the appropriate antibiotics. It may be important to determine the bacteria in a certain region, because like with enteric bacteria, it is normal to find them in the digestive tract as they are in a symbiotic relationship with our bodies in this area; however, they also cause opportunistic infections in places outside of the digestive tract to our detriment, such as with a urinary tract infection. Some strains of bacteria are common to nosocomial infections, and identifying these bacteria as such helps create the guidelines for healthcare workers in antiseptic technique. All of the morphology and characteristics of each strain of bacteria help us to better understand the role of bacteria in the body as well as helps us understand how they can cause illness, and what treatment regimen to set in place. In lab this semester, a sample of unknown
The purpose of the following study is to determine where the two unknown bacteria acquired in Microbiology lab should be classified in regards to temperature, pH level, and osmoregularity. It is important to classify bacteria in order to identify them. Identification of bacteria is important because they are not only useful but potentially dangerous as well. The identification of bacteria can lead to breakthroughs in healthcare regarding treatment of old and new diseases alike. Identifying bacteria can also be used in many other areas from better crop production through microbial pesticides to biological warfare. Their uses are endless as are their abilities to evolve and adapt to changing environments. That is why it is so important
The main objective was to identify an unknown organism by utilizing skills we learned in our labs this semester. The purpose was to attain the possible identity of the unknown organism by actually performing biochemical tests and staining techniques we learned in lab. After performing and analyzing the results, we were able to use Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology as a guideline to narrow down the genus of our organism test by test.
The ten most abundant bacterial families detected in our study were Koribacteraceae (Acidobacteria), Acidobacteriaceae (Acidobacteria), Sphingobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Geobacteraceae (proteobacteria), Auto67-4W (Pedosphaerae), Acetobacteraceae (proteobacteria),
Being able to figure out an unknown culture or bacteria is very important and a great knowledge to have. It helps people every day from finding cures to bacterial infections, discovering new kinds or simply just knowing the limits of what they are capable of. It allows scientist to know how to kill them treat then and ect. along with determining if they are harmful or benefit humans, and plants Along with being able to identify different species of
The objective of this experiment was to identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture. Which was done by using the aseptic technique which was very important to avoid any contamination and keeping the workspace clean while culturing bacteria for different tests. To start, I chose a tube which had a solution of mixed culture. I used the flame to sterilize the inoculating loop and dipped it into the tube and streaked for isolation on 2 TSA plates and placed them in an incubator at 37 for 24 hours. Next day I observed the growth of 2 different types of colonies one for each unknown on the two plates. So I picked the best one and labeled it as master plate and discarded the other plate. From the master plate, I subcultured each type of colony
The objective of this experiment is to identify the organisms of two unknown bacterial cultures. Students must identify the species of the unknown bacteria by utilizing the techniques and information learned in previous laboratory exercises. These techniques include streaking for isolation, Gram staining, and specific biochemical tests. Students are given a map known as a dichotomous key, a guide in determining the identity of their unknown sample.
Casualties in the Northern California bacteria outbreak are five ill and twenty-nine dead. More are becoming ill by the second. This bacteria, termed Cerequaestionium, affects the brain’s frontal lobe. Doctors reported that within hours, memory and judgment loss set in. People also lose the ability to think and make rational decisions. Three murders have occurred in relation to the disease. Many more suicides and cases of brain failure are being reported. Three are on suicide watch with two more diagnosed this afternoon.
This research paper is a primary research paper because the paper indicates that a study was done by several biologist and scientist on the microbial community in the Rhizosphere. Therefore, all the research, answers, and conclusion they all concluded based on their study was explained throughout this paper based on all the information they gathered. Also, the authors explain the process and methods they used to carry out and conduct this research on the microbial communities. I came down to this conclusion by understanding what they wrote is backed up by evidence by explaining the procedure they carried out to study these microbial communities.
There were four possible organisms my unknown could have been: Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Out of the four, I slowly narrowed my options down to only one of those organisms. Once the tests were done, I had narrowed the possibilities of my unknown organism to be Citrobacter freundii.
This experiment is about bacterial growth. We will demonstrate a bacterial growth curve using a closed system. Bacterial growth usually takes up to 12-24 hours to get an accurate result so we will be monitoring this growth between two classes. We also used different methods to determine bacterial growth as well as a few different calculations. One way of receiving data is by using a spectrophotometer where we will record the absorption at a given time to create the bacterial growth curve. We also used the plate count method after performing a serial dilution to calculate the actual cell density at different times given. By using this method we can count the population number of the same given and see the maximum cell density