The Common Causes Of Weight Loss

The blood glucose level has very limited range for humans to survive and stay healthy. Generally, people are able to remove excess glucose rapidly from the body but this is not the case when they are diagnosed with diabetes and insulin resistant situations. The lack of insulin resistance can also lead to a decrease in glycogen synthesis and storage as it usually converts glucose to energy for cell’s use (Jensen & et al. 2011). When insulin is produced under insulin resistance, the cells are incapable of using them effectively which then leads to high blood sugar level as ketones and ketoacids are produced as an alternative energy source for the body. The rise of ketoacid causes the blood pH acidic and the patient may also be diagnosed with ketoacidosis (Newton & Raskin 2004). There would also be less intake of lipid and more of stored triglycerides as the lipids are effected by the insulin. As the glucose levels increase, the muscle glucose uptake will decrease while the liver glucose production and blood fatty acid concentration will also increase within the body (Lichtenstein & Schwab 2000). Excess glucose within the blood are converted to fat which can lead to Diabetic Dyslipidaemia and furthermore to obesity, hypertension and

“Diabetes is a silent killer” (Demille 2005, p.5). It is a metabolic disorder that can result in impaired quality of life and serious complications. This study aims to understand the case of Mr. Skyler Hanson who is newly diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 that leads to diabetic ketoacidosis which was confirmed by the presence of moderate to high ketones in the urine and a high blood glucose level. It was noted that he has a history of fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, nausea and frequent urination. Furthermore, it was disclosed that he has difficulty in adjusting to his diagnosis and he occasionally missed administration of insulin dose when socialising. Subsequently, he was admitted in the Critical Care Unit for rehydration,

DKA is presented with three major physiological disturbances which are hyperosmolality due to hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis because of the buildup of ketoacids, and hypovalemia from osmotic diuresis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin, its most likely occur in people with type 1 diabetes, inadequate insulin dosage, poor self management, undiagnosed type 1 diabetes, illnesses and infections. In type 1

Insulin is a hormone that is produced from what is known as the “islets of Langerhans”, discovered by German Histologist Paul Langerhans, and is required for the utilization of glucose in muscle cells for energy. If the muscles are deprived of glucose for energy conversion, the muscles begin to utilize fat for energy (Roth). This however has toxic side effects, such as the production of high blood levels of Ketone bodies or otherwise known as Acetone. In high quantities, Acetone will accumulate in the blood, leading to brain damage and the possibility of brain death (Roth).

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a dangerous state - nutritional ketosis, on the other hand, is where the body is using ketones as a fuel source safely. For those who don't have diabetes, having insulin to ensure good blood sugar levels keeps ketones at safe levels which is achieved by reducing carbohydrate-intake to below 50

Classic symptoms of diabetes usually presented with newly diagnosed diabetics are: hyperglycaemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision, headaches, and unexplained weight loss. Ketone bodies are found in the urine, this abnormal finding occurs when fatty acid by-products (acetones) are excreted in the urine. The ketones are present from a lack of the insulin hormone used to metabolize fats and carbohydrates. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication which results from minimal useful insulin hormone in the body, hypoglycaemia, or insufficient food intake (American Diabetes Association, 2008).

As we discuss acid and bases along with pH balance in blood a term that came to mind was Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). This is a term that I have heard numerous times but didn’t not understand the meaning or cause. The term is commonly associated with diabetes but can also be associated with extreme exercise, low carbohydrate diets and eating disorders

Due to the lack of insulin patients with type I diabetes are unable to use glucose as their primary energy source, as a result their body switches to fat metabolism as its source of energy. As a result acidic ketones are produced as metabolic byproduct, this can be directly detected as a decrease in pH on ABG analysis. Patients with moderate to severe DKA have a blood pH ranging from 6.9-7.2, lowered bicarbonate levels and a carbon dioxide partial pressure in the rage of 15-20mmHg. The the cause of our patient her partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 15mmHg, bicarbonate was low and a blood pH of 7.14, these values suggest that the patient has metabolic acidosis and that the diagnosis of DKA is likely correct. While ABG analysis can be used to diagnose DKA several studies suggest that the ABG test results rarely effect a physicians diagnosis, treatment and management of the condition (3). In addition the same studies have shown that the pH venous of venous blood was precise enough to serve as a substitute to arterial pH analysis and is less painful for the patient

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a disease state, most often seen in individuals with Type I Diabetes. While it most often results from uncontrolled insulin levels, young children can often present in diabetic ketoacidosis as the initial presentation of undiagnosed type I Diabetes. The major symptoms of Type I Diabetes, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria, are often subtle and can be normal in growing children (Urden, Stacy & Lough, 2014; Wilson, 2012). Unless alert to the symptoms of Diabetes they can often be overlooked until severe enough to warrant immediate medical attention.

Symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus are extreme thirst, excretion of an excessive amount of diluted urine (Colbourne et al, 2007). Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the loss of body fluids, mostly water, exceeds the amount that is taken in. With dehydration, more water is moving out of our cells and bodies than what we take in through drinking. Symptoms of Dehydration are increased thirst, dry mouth, tired or sleepy, decreased urine output (Colbourne et al, 2007). Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake needed to maintain an organism's life. Symptoms of Starvation are, shrinkage of such vital organs as the heart, lungs, ovaries, or testes, and gradual loss of their functions, chronic diarrhea, Anemia, reduction in muscle mass and consequent weakness (Colbourne et al, 2007). Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidney. Some symptoms of Nephritis are pain in the pelvis, pain or a burning sensation while urinating, a frequent need to urinate, cloudy urine (Colbourne et al, 2007). Ketones are produced when the body burns fat for energy or fuel. They are also

Metabolic acidosis happens when the chemical balance of acids and bases in your blood gets thrown off. This can be triggered when the body; is producing too much acid, isn't getting rid of enough acid or doesn't have enough of a base to offset a normal amount of acid. When any of these occur, chemical reactions and processes in your body don't work right. Diabetics can suffer from a Metabolic acidosis know as Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition that develops when cells in the body are incapable to get the sugar (glucose) they need for energy because there is not adequate insulin. When the sugar cannot enter into the cells, it stays in the blood. The kidneys filter some of the sugar from the blood

Losing weight is never an easy task to do; therefore, programs for weight loss are normally created to help an individual reach its target. In order for my roommate to increase his chances in loosing weight and making the football team, he would have to condition himself to excise and a diet. Within a month, my roommate would have to follow and modified his behavior based on the principles of operant conditioning. Although, losing weight could be a difficult task, through positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and positive punishment he will be able increase his chances in making the football team.

The most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus are chronic elevated blood glucose level. Glycosuria is a condition in which the kidneys excrete increased glucose as they are unable to reabsorb the excess amount. This leads to fluid and electrolyte excretion which leads to electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. Loss of glucose leads to increase in the use of fats and protein for the energy, which leads to accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood which leads to ketoacidosis (could be fatal).

Super low blood sugar is the most common cause of a diabetic coma. Diabetic ketoacidosis is when your body uses fat instead of glucose for energy as a result of insufficient insulin. Ketone bodies accumulate in the bloodstream and diabetic ketoacidosis occurs in both types of diabetes but mostly common in Type 1. So it 's best to not have an accumulation of ketone bodies to avoid a diabetic coma. In type 2 diabetes there is diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. This type of diabetes is most common with older adults. The result of this condition is having increased levels of blood sugar.

Obesity rates in America continue to raise since the 1980’s. Typically most Americans will start to see their weight increase into adulthood and rapidly increase after age 40 (Roberts, 2005). Numerous diet plans offer different suggestions on how best to address a person’s food intake lose weight. One such method is to use the Glycemic Index as a guide to making healthier food choices. I present an executive summary of my findings based the Glycemic Index and its moderate evidence of implications in the management obesity in metabolically healthy adults.