Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious, chronic disease which affects one out of every eleven people in the United States. Diabetes Mellitus, also known as Diabetes, is a complex endocrine disease dealing with excessive glucose in the blood. The disease process lies within the body’s metabolic state in which the body metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats leading to either defective insulin production or insufficient amounts of insulin. Diabetes has several pathogeneses, signs and symptoms, risk factors, complications, treatment goals and teaching practices. In this paper, I will discuss the complex nature of Diabetes and its effects on the human body. The complex nature of Diabetes and its classification types can be better …show more content…
The hallmark symptoms of DM are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia with fatigue and an increase susceptibilty to infections noted as a sign. The differences in Type 1 and Type 2 markers is that Type 2 lists: obesity, and gradual onset of the disease process as a sign marker while weight loss with a rapid onset is indicative of Type 1 sign. According to the American Diabetes Association, diagnostic tests used to confirm Type 1 and Type 2 are: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dl, Two-hour Plasma Glucose (PG) ≥200 mg/dl, Random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl, Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test ≥ 6.5% repeated twice (2014). Once diagnosis of type of DM is confirmed, the treatment plan for Type 1 and Type 2 can planned mapped where Type 2 is a combination of insulin, diet, exercise with daily blood sugar monitoring to avoid further excaltions of hyperglycemia such as Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketolic Coma (HHNKA) as oppposed to Type 1 where the treatment is insulin injections and daily blood sugar monitoring to avoid worsening of the conditions. Since Diabetes is contingent on signs and symptoms of the disease, the following symptomology and sign markers are important to detect and notate. All scholarly journals notate that Type 1 and Type 2 DM develop due to a high concentration of glucose in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia) and that insulin, the hormone, controls the level of glucose in the
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of this disorder include vision changes, increased thirst, increased hunger, increased frequency of urination, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, erectile dysfunction, and absences of mentruation. These can occur abruptly, or over a long period of time.
Type1 and type2 diabetes are treatment and both have the same symptoms. Diabetes, a disease that has spread recently greatly annoying a disease accompanied by symptoms including. His where the patient feels at times of weakness or loss of appetite. A higher proportion of sugar in the blood to exit the fluid out of the body tissues, including the eye lenses, which causes poor visibility. On the other hand, it is known that physical exercise is an important factor in health status in general, which is an integral part of the treatment of diabetes. Sports determining the factor for the health of some of their age and size. So reduce regular exercise, including daily activities risk of diabetes. In summary type1 and type2 diabetes can not be fully
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreas to release insulin in an appropriate amount to become used for energy. With diabetes mellitus the body does not properly make use of the insulin supplied for the body. This causes the pancreas to produced an extra amount if insulin which the body cannot keep up with, causing an imbalance to the blood glucose levels (American Diabetes Association, 2015). In the united states diabetes affects almost 29.1 million people, while the another 86 million people have pre-diabetes but do not know. It is also known as the 7th leading cause of death in the country in the recent years (MedicineNet.com, 2016). For a patient suffering from a chronic form of diabetes mellitus understanding how these mechanisms lead to the condition can be used as preventative measures. Potential consequences as well as the causes and clinical manifestations will ensure a better knowledge on the issue to monitor the condition.
Type two diabetes mellitus or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is a disease state characterized by hyperglycemia or high levels of blood glucose. This can cause a variety of symptoms such as excessive urination or excessive thirst as the kidneys try to get rid of the excess sugar.. What distinguishes type two diabetes from type one diabetes is that a person with type two diabetes is not insulin dependent. Often times, there are decreased to normal levels of insulin detected in the bloodstream of humans with type two diabetes. The reason diabetes is developed is due to insulin insensitivity or a decrease in insulin production by the beta cells in the pancreas. Usually, patients with type two diabetes exhibit both insulin insensitivity and decreased insulin production. When the body does not react to insulin or when insulin levels are too low, sugar in the blood cannot be used effectively to create anabolic products such as glycogen, and it cannot be used as fuel because the glycolysis pathway is not activated. The high glucose levels that are then left in the bloodstream can cause blood to become very viscous and lead to many vascular diseases. If diabetes type 2 is not treated, then a number of problems arise such as numbing of the extremities, poor wound healing and decreased neurological function. Renal failure may also result as the kidney overworks itself to get rid of the excess sugar. Diabetes patients are also at risk of dehydration as they constantly
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not classed as single disorder as it represents a series of conditions associated with high blood sugar which are cased in turn by defects in insulin secretion or the effectiveness of insulin or both. It is usually diagnosed by evidence of hyperglycaemia in a fasting state (>7.1 mmol/l plasma glucose) or threw an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)( >11.1mmol/l plasma glucose). It can be diagnosed in adults who are not pregnant by a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level ( 6.5% or > 48 mmol/mol) (NICE 2011).
Diabetes Type 2 is a lifelong disease that develops slowly. Type 2 diabetes causes the person fat, liver and muscle cells not to respond correctly to the hormone insulin, as a result the glucose doesn’t get into these cells to be stored in energy, which causes the levels of blood sugar in the blood to increase and eventually causing damage to the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys and heart and lead to atherosclerosis or the hardening of the arteries which causes a heart attack or stroke. Common symptoms of diabetes type 2 is fatigue, hunger because the body can’t process the food properly so its expelled through urine, increased thirst because the person keeps peeing out everything they are consuming which makes them thirsty,
Diabetes of any type can produce a variety of symptoms. The most common symptoms are increased thirst, increased urination, nausea, fatigue, slow healing cuts or sores, dry mouth, itchy skin, blurred vision, and unusual weight loss or gain. Type 1 diabetes is usually characterized as an autoimmune disorder and appears in previously healthy people of normal weights and who have good diets and exercise regularly. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and is usually considered a lifestyle diabetes, appearing in people who have poor diets, who are overweight, and who have
The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are sudden with onset and may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, bedwetting in children who previously didn’t wet the bed during the night, increased hunger, unintended weight loss, restlessness, and other mood changes, fatigue and weakness, blurred vision, in females- a vaginal yeast infection. The symptoms for type 2 diabetes may not be detected or may be absent making it difficult to diagnose. Symptoms include
The signs of diabetes differ from the symptoms because signs are indicators of a problem, while symptoms can only be describing by what a person feels. I want to focus on type 1 and type 2 diabetes because it has been very common on my father’s side of the family. According to the International Diabetes Federation, some warning signs for type 1 & 2 diabetes are frequent urination, weight loss, lack of energy, and excessive thirst. But, there are also more signs that consist of blurred vision, numbness, and increased of hunger. At the same time, these signs can be absent or show just a little in some people.
There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Insulin management is needed for type 1 diabetes, because it is an autoimmune disease. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is controlled by a strict diet. If the diet is not followed, then hypoglycemic proxies and insulin may be necessary to control a steady blood sugar level (Burden M, 2003). The main symptoms of diabetes common in type 1 are, lethargy, stupor, weight loss, breath which smells like acetone, kussmaul breathing (hyperventilation), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Signs and symptoms that associate with both diabetes type 1 and 2 are, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, polyuria, and glycosuria. A diagnostic test which supports the signs and symptoms of diabetes is the fasting plasma glucose. This test diagnoses diabetes primarily during pregnancy. Diabetes is confirmed with a level of greater than 126 mg/dl. The patient must remain NPO for at least 8 hours with the exception of water. An oral glucose tolerance test or glucose challenge test is when a patient drinks a beverage containing glucose. The levels being greater
The symptoms for Type 2 diabetes are called clinical presentation which is broken into a further 2 groups. The first is subacute (mild to moderate presentation) the person has increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of sores or frequent infection, areas of darkened skin and glucose and/ or blood in urine. The second group is Acute (severe) the person becomes sick (vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain) (McPheeters, N/D). BODY SYSTEMS
The Three P’s- The three symptoms that are most common and shared with both Type I and Type II diabetes are Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyuria (excessive urination) and polyphagia (Excessive hunger) (Rosdahl & Kowalski, 2012, pg. 1296). These three symptoms are manifested in
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder that is growing in the population ranging from young children all the way to older adults, however, with more research we can begin to understand the background, history, symptoms, impact on the body, and cures and treatments of this horrific disease.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (type 1 DM) was first documented following recognizable reports in the second half of 19th century. More common in children and young adults, it results from the autoimmune annihilation of the beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. Consequently, glucose and blood in the urine increase due to the absence of, or reduced amount, of insulin. Symptoms include increased hunger, frequent urination, weight loss and increased thirst. Presently, the cause remains unknown, but explanatory theories offered include being exposed to antigens and genetic susceptibility. Diagnosis is done by checking for abnormalities in blood, such as high sugar levels, and also glucose in urine. Administering insulin injections and providing care are critical for patients’ survival. Other ways of managing type 1 DM include maintaining the level of blood sugar at the targeted range through planning means and exercise. When uncontrolled, type 1 DM can result in retinopathy, kidney damage and nerve damage.
Diabetes is one of they many health issues Americans face. If left untreated Diabetes can cause lasting effects on the person with the diagnosis. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels and patient teaching on management of the disease is critical in positive patient outcomes. Diabetes can cause major dysfunctions in several body systems and even death if left untreated. In this paper I will discuss diabetes Mellitus and the impact it can have on a person life and well-being.