The Effect Of Temperature On The Surface Of A Glass Jar

Week 4: The F2 generation flies were present and identified by phenotype and gender. After identification, they were let go and the number of flies with each set of 2 traits were combined.

Temperature is an environmental factor that will affect the maggot’s behaviour. The temperature in the environment helps the maggots determine their rate of metabolism and its internal temperature. These organisms move according to the environmental temperature. A trend can be found to show the effect of temperature on the rate of movement of maggots.

This may have been the cause of the low numbers of white lozenge in the F2 generation of flies. However, the cause of white eyes is a defective red pigment gene and should not affect the vision of the flies, whereas the lozenge gene should have a greater affect due to it causing the malformation of the fly's eyes. Therefore the lozenge flies should have also been in lower than expected numbers, but it was found that they were actually in higher than expected numbers making the validity of this argument questionable.

Drosophila melanogaster is a small, common fly found near unripe and rotted fruit. It has been in use for over a century to study genetics. Thomas Hunt Morgan was the best biologist studying Drosophila early in the 1900’s. Morgan was the first to discover sex-linkage and genetic recombination, which placed the small fly in the forefront of genetic research. Scientists have used Drosophila for many reasons. For one they are very easy to maintain, breed, anesthetize, and kill with little equipment. They are also very small and it is easy to distinguish males vs females and sexually mature flies and virgins. At lastly, the flies have a very short two week life span. On days 2-7 of their life

Hypothesis: If the temperature increases, then rate of the chemical reaction will increase as well, and if the temperature decreases, then the rate of reaction will also decrease.

Mature flies have no functioning mouth-parts and are not associated with transmission of diseases or considered pests

The 792 Drosophila melanogaster mutation is known as guindo. Guindo or guinda is the spanish word for a deep red wine, burgundy or ox-blood color. The phenotypic differences between a WT D.melanogaster and a 792 MUT differ at their larval, pupal and adult stage. In the larval stage there was not any significant phenotypic differences noticed, only behavioral differences were apparent. The wandering MUT larvae had a tendency to clump or travel as a group; while the WT wandered and scattered individually. At the pupal stage the MUT Drosophila melanogaster had a uniform shape and size. All of the MUTs seemed to have spiracles. The WT pupa differed in size and shape, and spiracles were not noticeable in all of them. In the adult stage MUT wings were almost parallel to the body and close together, compared to the flared out WT wings. The antennae on MUTs also seemed to be larger than in WT. The mouth was also a noticeable difference, MUTs had a much smaller mouth than WT did. The most noticeable difference is the eye color and shape. MUTs had a

In order to obtain F1 data, monohybrid crosses were done, crossing virgin females for each of the traits mentioned with wild type males. 4-5 flies of each gender were anesthetized, and then put into a vial together, including media and a foam stopper, to mate. Anesthetization was done using FlyNap. One brush was dipped into FlyNap and inserted into the vial until 90% of flies were asleep. Media was created by mixing one small cup of potato flakes with a small cup of distilled water and 3 yeast pellets until it reaches a thick consistency.

Introduction: Drosophila is the name given to a genus of small flies within the family, Drosophilidae. They are commonly referred to as fruit flies or pomace flies. They have historically been called vinegar or wine flies due to the fact that they commonly gather around rotting fruit. The fruit fly is sometimes mistaken for the Tephritidae family of flies which is closely related and is even sometimes referred to as the true fruit fly however; tephritids tend to only feed on unripe fruit, and have been regarded as destructive agricultural pests. For instance, the Mediterranean fruit fly has devastated the agricultural economy sector of several Mediterranean countries millions of dollars in ruined crops.

METHODS: In this experiment, the instructor provided us with 30 ebony individuals and 20 wild type individuals. In order to get an exact amount of each type, we anesthetized the flies and counted them off by gently using a fine point paint brush. Then all 50 Drosophila were put into a population cage which had a lid that had six holes for the centrifuge tubes. Two food tubes and four clean, empty tubes were added on the first day. Each food tube consisted of half a cup full of food mixed with 6-7 milliliters of water. This was the fly medium. The food should turn blue once the water is added. Each tube was labeled with a number and with the date. Every two to three days we added one more food tube until all 6 tubes contained the fly medium. After all 6 tubes were filled, the following days after we exchanged the first food tube with a new food tube. At the end of the experiment, we fed the flies with a total of 8 food tubes. Then the flies were anesthetized, again. At the end of this four week lab, the number of living ebony and wild

In most kitchens the small flies that are found are Drosophila Melanogaster also called fruit fly. They are often brought in by ripened tomatoes, grapes and other perishable items from the garden. Drosophila melanogaster is a little two winged insect about 3mm long two winged insect that belongs to the Diptera, the order of the flies. The drosophila egg is about half a millimeter long. Fertilization takes about one day the embryo to develop and hatch into a worm-like larva. The larva eats and grows continuously, after two days as a third in star larva; it moults one more time to form an immobile pupa. Over the next four days, the body is completely remodeled to give the adult winged form, which then hatches from the pupal

Running hot water over the metal lid of a glass jar makes it easier to open the jar. Why? Discuss two other practical examples based on matter and/or heat concepts.

4.14. The accuracy of the data is dependent on the correct controls being in place, Ensuring temperate stays the same throughout all solutions, making sure that the solutions are correct that the weight and size of the eggs are the measured correctly and that when the eggs are removed they are removed at the same time. Some of the eggs were not completely submerged in the solution this may cause some errors in the experiment and may have caused varying results. The eggs were of different sizes this also will cause the results to vary, Gathering eggs of exact size and weight would have ensured the results were correct. The eggs may not have been dried enough also causing results to vary; this can be fixed by ensuring that the eggs are thoroughly dried. The eggs were taken out at a time around about 24 hours, having an exact time to remove the eggs would have eliminated errors.

Drosophila melanogaster show an innate behaviour where move towards a light source after being startled, showing positive phototaxis. This preference for light appears to be species- and strain-specific, and has been described as part of a fly's personality. Mated female flies have been seen to avoid UV light during egg laying. Wing defects have also been shown to affect phototaxis in walking flies as seen in flies with clipped wings who did not display the phototactic response to light. Manipulation of the wings which is a relatively unrelated organ and its effect on phototaxis suggest that it may not be a simple matter of stimulus and rigid, innate response, but that it contains at least a certain element of flexibility (Gorostiza, Colomb,

• medium heat : This starts from melting of Gandhak followed by profuse fuming. At this stage, clearing of the mouth of glass bottle by Tapta Shalaka (hot rod) is done. The temperature ranges between 350°C - 450°C.