The Effects Of Supervision And The Types Of Changes That May Take Place Under That Supervision Essay

Supervision is a mechanism that allows the supervisor to support, discuss and develop the knowledge and skills of each employee. It is the process in which a supervisor is able to encourage and support the employee to complete their role effectively.

In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate,

Supervision theories and practices began emerging as soon as counsellors started to train other counsellors (Bernard & Goodyear, 2009). Several different theoretical models have developed to clarify and support counselling supervision. The focus of early models of supervision had generally been based on counselling theories (such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Adlerian or client-centred), but these orientation-specific models have begun to be challenged as supervision has many characteristics that are different to counselling. Competency as a counsellor does not automatically translate into competency as a supervisor, and when supervisee/supervisor orientations differ, conflicts may arise (Falender &

The findings of this study may further contribute to the body of knowledge which may serve as bases for further research.

The intensive supervision programs are very similar to those programs utilized within standard probation and parole (Latessa & Smith, 2011). The difference is mainly the amount of control, supervision, as well as the application of the programs. The use of intensive supervision programs began in the mid-1900s in California with an emphasis on the rehabilitation of the offenders. In the 1980’s the programs become widely used to reduce prison populations with a shift in the focus away from rehabilitation to deterrence, control, and supervision taking the forefront (Lowenkamp et. al., 2010).

Effective supervision requires establishing different levels of supervision in order to know which offenders need closer supervision from those who require less supervision (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). Generally, the supervision of offenders is categorized into three or four levels: maximum, medium and minimum or maximum, high, standard, and administrative (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). The administrative level is for probationers or parolees who have committed minor offenses, satisfied financial responsibilities, and been in compliance for two years (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). Probationers and parolees on the administrative level do not require a personal visit or personal contact with the officer (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). Individuals on the administrative level are required to call in and leave a voicemail or mail in a residence verification and employment document (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012).

Using the theoretical framework and previous studies mentioned above the researcher tried to answer the research question

Moreover, the study develops hypothesis using the 7-Step hypothesis testing. The 7-step hypothesis testing is as follow:

In the Article outline the major sections are shown and in this research paper the sections are Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion. All research

Many organizations and establishments have philosophies in how an organization is to be functioning and which positions are necessary to execute the plan. One of the crucial positions that make the establishment function is that of a Supervisor. The term supervisor is a word with Latin roots which means “to look over,” however, a supervisor is viewed as a person who is an immediate overseer to an employee at a workplace. The supervisor is the person an employee would directly report to for any work related situation. A supervisor plays an essential part of the management team that gives an organization purpose and leadership by being responsible for employees’ progress and productivity (Bittel & Newstrom, 1992).

In earlier days, the supervisor was the person in charge of a group of towrope pullers or ditch diggers. That person was literally the “fore man,” since he was up forward of the work crew. His authority consisted mainly of chanting the “one, two, three, up” that set the pace for the rest of the workers. In Germany, the supervisor is still called a vorarbeiter (“fore worker”); in England, the term charge hand is used. Both terms suggest the lead-person origin. The term supervisor has its roots in Latin, where it means “looks over.” It was originally applied to the master of a group of artisans. Today, the supervisor’s job combines some of the talents of the “foreman” (or leader) and those of the “master” (skilled

Problem employees inevitably surface in most workplaces and sometimes employers need to counsel their employees and on occasions employers must discipline the employee. In an organization top-management often formulate the standards that supervisors must use when they have to deal with problem employees. A supervisor must have the skills required to organize, staff, lead, and control which includes the ability and talent required to deal with problem employees.

The research has been done with carefulness , scrupulousness and the degree of exactitude in research investigation and It must fulfill the following conditions :

It is important to mention at this stage that a research study presented by a researcher may not give complete information about the selected topic. There can be certain limitations of methodology and the new researchers may criticise it for being incomplete. As research is a circular process in which ideas can be added and extracted by researchers anytime, the application of the presented ideas by one researcher are tested and verified.

This study to the best of the researchers’ knowledge is the first that attempts to