Identifying Information Lorenzo 'Shakes' Carcaterra was a boy from Hell’s Kitchen, New York, in the 1960’s. Shakes is of Italian decent and lives with his father and mother in a small apartment. Lorenzo’s father worked long hours for little pay and was quick to anger and used violence to control the household. Shakes witnessed the physical and emotional abuse of his mother. He never confronted his father, but always tried to play the peacekeeper between the two. Shakes mother was not fluent in English and had a hard time connecting to the community and her son. The trauma that Shakes went through because of the domestic violence shaped his psychological and social development. Shakes was a resilient kid and sought social support from three boys: Thomas "Tommy" Marcano, Michael Sullivan, John Reilly and various other men in his community.
Character Development and Functioning One big support for Shakes was the local priest, Father Bobby. Shakes was able to connect with the priest and had a form of accountability. Shakes participated in the Church and had interest in becoming a priest because of the power in the role. Father Bobby keeps an eye on the boys and wants to prevent them from getting into crime of the community. Hell’s Kitchen is a community in Manhattan, aligning the Hudson River, was a blend of Irish, Italian, Puerto Rican, and Eastern European laborers. Hell’s Kitchen is a community of immigrants where men work really long hours and the women are
To begin, this story takes place in New Jersey. The author introduces Sam who is dealing with his mother Sandra. His solution to this problem is to persuade his father to sue. The author explains that he wanted to move with his father. The author also introduces us to Phyllis who is Sam’s father wife, which is now sam’s stepmother. The author mostly focuses on Sam and his mother Sandra the relationship between the two. Such as the shouting, smoking, bringing in different boyfriends every week. Also about the letter that Sam wrote his mother regards of his decision. “Everything!The cooking, the cleaning,the shouting . Everything!”[Schwartz pg. 87]. This quote refers back to the article about his mother Sandra. The most important detail provided by the author in the beginning of the story are important because they demonstrate that Sam persuades his father to sue his mother so
Groves, B.M. (1999). Mental Health Services for Children Who Witness Domestic Violence. The Future of Children, 9(3), 122-132.
The entire story centers around three main characters: Uncle trash and the two brothers. Although the boys’ mother and father are mentioned briefly in the beginning, the mother comes off as unstable and out of her right mind, causing her to run away and the father going after her, both leaving the kids behind not taking into consideration that they are too young for the responsibility of independence, much less their living conditions are barely enough to support a decent quality of life. Despite Uncle Trash being given the responsibility to look after the boys, he’s not necessarily one to care for much of what goes on outside of a bar, especially the boys well being since upon his arrival his first
The formative experiences that define a child's home life will have a lasting impact on the individual as he or she enters the later stages of childhood, adolescence and adulthood. The degree to which one's family life is loving, nurturing, supportive and attentive is a substantial determinant in emotional, social and intellectual development. Accordingly, a home which is abusive, violent, negative and neglectful is more than likely to have deleterious effects for the child both while and well after maintaining residence there. This turns us toward the focus of the present study, which is the impact levied by domestic violence on children.
Children who witness domestic violence in their home often experience a multitude of mental and emotional difficulties. Many studies have shown childhood violence is associated with depression, incarceration and committing domestic violence themselves Buckley et al. (2007) and Katz, Settler & Gurtovenko (2016). Scholars also found that children who are both witnesses and victims both have increased levels of aggression and behavior problems Sternberg, Lamb, Guterman & Abbott (2006). Not only are children prone to aggression and behavior problems, witnessing domestic violence makes children susceptible to post traumatic stress disorder. Meltzer et al. (2009) found children who have witnessed domestic violence to be fearful and show more anxiety and depression than other children who did not experience domestic violence.
Domestic Violence has a great effect on children. Domestic violence also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse or child abuse is recognized as a pattern of abusive behavior by one or both partners especially those in marriage. This coercive behavior is used against another person to obtain power and control over the other party in a relationship. Domestic violence takes many forms such as physical violence which includes kicking, hitting, shoving and restraining. Verbal and physical threats of sexual abuse, intimidation and emotional abuse are aspects of domestic abuse. Criminal justification of domestic violence varies between different states such that
S.E Hinton’s realistic fiction “The Outsiders” takes place in Tulsa, Oklahoma a small town with two social groups the Socs and the Greasers. Ponyboy is different From the Greasers. The two social groups are always fighting and never get along. Ponyboys brothers are Sodapop and Darry. Darry is always mean to Ponyboy but nice to Sodapop. One lesson in this novel is that when there is family that is all that matters. While some readers may believe the central theme of the novel is divided communities, I argue that it is family and that everyone needs it-as evidence by S.E Hinton use of descriptive language, dialogue, and sentence sPonyboy thinks the same thing after Darry slapped him for getting home so late. When they start to leave they see
Domestic violence is defined as the inflicting of physical injury by one family or household member on another (“Domestic violence – Definition and more from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary,” n.d.). Texas Family Code Sec 71.004 defines family violence as an act by a member of a family or household against another member of the family or household that is intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault or that is a threat that reasonably places the member in fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault, but does not include defensive measures to protect oneself. Nowhere in the definitions does it specify male to female, adult to child, child to elderly or any other kind of specific limitations for what is domestic violence. That being said, one group that does often get overlooked is the witnesses to the violence. Most people consider domestic violence as between two adults in some sort of non-stranger relationship. So, for this paper, that is how we will address the ones who watch it happen and suffer because of seeing it – the children.
Many children are also affected by domestic violence. This is not because they were the one who are being attack. Most of the time it is because they are witnessing what is happening to their mothers and sometimes fathers. As 15% of all children have witnessed domestic violence and 32% of children know someone who is affected by domestic violence. Domestic violence can also impact a child’s health as it can lead to depression, anxiety, leaving the home early, running away and even suicide. Many children are also affected by domestic violence as it is not only one group of people that it
The purpose of this literature is to deliver an extensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review will also reveal how domestic violence affects children as well as the mental health of its victims. In addition, this chapter will include the Afrocentric perspective and theoretical framework as they relates to the research topic.
Infants are most at risk for cognitive impairment because if a child’s basic needs are not met, this can have long term damage. When infants are exposed to violence they can experience more emotional distress than a child. What this emotional distress causes is damage to the brain development and also causes a lack of growth in emotional and sensory regulation. With this damage to the brain can cause the infant to be irritable, develop a fear response and separation anxiety from the mother.
Domestic violence is a dilemma that affects every family member, including the children. Two previous studies have shown that child abuse, domestic violence, and both in combination increase a child’s risk for internalizing and externalizing negative behavioral outcomes and that the belief that some children may have that they are capable of controlling a domestic violence situation may actually trigger them into adopting traumatic behavioral symptoms. The goal of this study is to focus on children in New York and determine the specific ways that they are mentally and behaviorally affected by exposure to domestic violence by measuring the amount of times that they have acted out violently. This study will juxtapose those who are greatly
Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone, regardless of their race, gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, or other factors. In the homes where violence and abuse are present, every member of the family is affected. Almost every healthy intimate relationship experiences ups and downs, but when the behavior of one person consistently tears down the other person -whether physically, mentally, emotionally, or economically- it is considered abuse. The abuse usually is an attempt by one partner to exert control through intimidation, fear, verbal abuse, threats, or even physical violence. Domestic violence is a global problem of enormous proportions. Although men are sometimes victims, the larger portion of them are women. Victims of domestic violence are usually isolated from friends, family, and neighbors and lose their network of social support. The effects of domestic violence may include physical abuse, psychological traumas, or financial difficulties.
Domestic violence is physical or verbal abuse in the family most commonly used among spouses. Domestic violence is an issue facing this world in families across the world. People should learn more about domestic violence and ways to prevent it in their homes. Researchers have reported percentages of domestic violence in Timor-Leste differ across the nation’s thirteen districts, and are developed higher among urban than rural women (Meiksin, et al, 2015). This problem has many different controversial issues that can confuse people about what the actual definition of domestic violence is.
Traditional research to ascertain the effects of living with domestic violence on children conducted psychological test to measure children’s competency and development. Development psychologists experimented on children in laboratory settings, if the level of competency demonstrated by a child was below average for their age and stage of development, witnessing domestic violence was deemed to be the cause. To know whether a child has been harmed by their experiences we need to how ‘normal’ children function and develop (Archard 197). But there is no universally agreed timeless norm of children’s health and development. Some psychologists believe domestic violence effects the way that children think and can cause ‘pre-mature’