The Historical View of Privatization and Nationalization in America

The government has strong and firm commitment to flourish the business and increase the production of items of different types. The industrial sector has strong and impressive political support, which can help to boost its economies and the right and just regulations can help to keep it on the right path of growth and success)

State-owned enterprises are regarded as a particular circumstance of business organisations and considered as the basis of economic growth in many countries (Zhang, 2011). It can be seen that the proportion of state-owned companies has increased from nine percent in 2005 to 23 percent in 2014 especially in China which has a proportion of 15 percent in 2014 (PwC, 2015). Furthermore, state-owned companies might be a necessary tool for development in emerging countries, because they can be directed and achieved by governments. Although state-owned companies have played an important role in an economy, they sometimes seem to perform poorly compared with private sectors on average in many countries, partly because the goals of public policy sometimes are complicated to be achieved (World Bank Group, 2014). Therefore, many countries have decided to privatise because they have expected that private sectors would operate and perform better than the government would do. Thus, privatisation has become an international phenomenon globally particularly in addressing inefficiency from state enterprises. However, there might have some benefits and drawbacks of privatisations, but all of the procedures are most likely to depend on the quality of contracts and regulation in each circumstance. For this reason, this essay will examine: firstly, the agency costs that seem to occur in state-owned companies, secondly a privatisation will be analysed as a result from those costs. Thirdly,

In order to being fairly and ethically to those potential competitors, TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB)can cooperate with potential competitors to become Partnership or Joint Venture in the future.It might provide a good opportunity to the potential competitor to incorporate with TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) which able to treat fairly to them. It could bring out a few advantages if TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) being Partnership or Joint Venture with potential competitor. First, the potential partner will be fairly treated and able to deal with those restriction and strict regulation which had set by government, this is a good chance for potential partners who tend to come in while at the same time TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) will still earning profits and with nearly no competitors. Other than that, as every company or industry will have their own specialized skills, knowledge and expertise, TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) can grab the opportunity to possess the potential partner’s specialized skill and knowledge which TNB does not own previously, it might help TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) to have the chance to achieve more profit with lower cost if the potential partners have strong relationship on the supply chain over the other countries. Besides that, TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) might cooperate with potential partner so that TNBwill ethically share profits together with its partner and will not only make their own money for themselves like current. TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) might also able to accumulate more capital to invest further together with potential partner such as operate a new power plant to generate electricity. Last but not least, they might also monitor and supervise each other in order to act ethically to the

The role of government in business development is positive as it manages monopoly power which may lead to paying low wages to the labor and charges high price to the consumers. Similarly, the governmental rules and regulations ensure equality of the income. It also leads to the development of public goods such as roads, railway, and national defense as these are not developed in a free market due to lack of fiscal incentive. On the other hand, the investment in public goods may lead to bureaucracy. The theorists argue that involvement of government in such policies may develop additional

Public Private Partnership or PPP is a subject being given the increasing attention that it has been receiving in context of the sweeping changes in India's economic policies. We are all aware, along with the dismantling of the license permit raj a greater role is envisaged for the private sector in these new policies. Now it seems that, the private sector is not only to be facilitated in its growth, but there it can be taken on board as a partner by the government in the provision of public services. This of course, is the purpose of PPP. For those of us who have had a long innings in Government, such thinking represents a paradigm shift from the way things were always done.

The future of LorPel seemed uncertain and pessimistic given this pressure. As Ivanova stated in The Motivation of Managerial Choices in the State-Controlled Economy of Belarus, within realm of a state-controlled economy, many enterprises would start to be concerned about their strategic development, and LorPel was not an exception. Overall, there are two options to go with, one is privatization of large stated-owned enterprise, and the other one is developing privately-owned small firms(Ivanova, Y.

The government also launched a major program of privatization of state property. By 1994, the voucher privatization program had completed its first phase, more than 70 percent of industry, representing the workforce and production, had been privatized, although workers and managers owned most of these enterprises, many of which have not still been restructured to compete in market conditions. “Under the program, every citizen of Russia would be issued

Moreover, the current participation of government in the market economy remains almost similar. It however expanded its mandate to begin playing a critical role in business which includes providing public goods, protecting public health and welfare, safeguarding business, consumers, investor, and bring health competition in the market. More so the role of government is also to stabilize the economy, conserve the environment, regulation of working conditions and finally to protect business properties. All these engagement is to make business environment more favorable for both local and international investors for success of the country economy (Todeva & Knoke, 2009).

During the last three decades, privatization has become increasingly popular in our government. This noticeable growth of privatization of public services has generated lots of discussions and debates among many scholars and left many of asking the questions.

We can just observe the situation in Croatia, just in the last five years we can see at almost every corner of the state bankruptcy of the Croatian biggest companies, sold to foreign investors, the unemployment rate is on higher scale than ever before. Everything started with good promotion, marketing, sales and similar activities. It is almost unbelievable that owns a business competition of the biggest companies in the world now work all together, privatization of state companies are on an unbelievable high scale, actually almost ninety percent of world biggest companies are now in the private ownership. Acquisition is happening everywhere around us, and we must ask ourself, why is that? The thing is that bigger company destroying small business in the way that they are annexed them one by one. Small private, family businessman don't even got a chance to reject the offer of some big international firm, because they can't bear on that high scale.

In many governments, privatizations have been carried out for many reasons. One major reason that has been given for the support of the role privatization plays in improvement of productivity in Public Sector has been the fact that it is a way of increasing the efficiency of the economy, streamlines the public sector as well as acting as a way of scaling

Privatization is the implementation of a decision to sell companies owned by the State to private individuals/ companies.

I would like to offer my sincerest thank you and deepest appreciation to my teachers Ms PUNEET GOEL for guiding me a giving me such a golden opportunity to work on the topic PRIVATE GOVERNANCE reform .It was a great and a knowledgeable experience..

Country started the reform of public administration and development of independent fiscal policy. The transition from a planned economy to a market demanded a radical revision of views on the role of the government in the new conditions. Under the influence of international institutions embarked on a democratization of political systems and decentralization of public administration.

In early decades of the 18th century, privatization had been introduced into the market. This new economy reforms started in western world, followed further by its implementation in Asian region in later years. Privatization is a policy whereby the ownership of an entity or controlling right of an entity being transferred from government to private sector.