The History Of Immunostaining Methods

Through the understanding of infectious diseases, researchers have been able to create several types of vaccines to help prevent a variety of life-threatening illnesses. Scientists develop immunizations using different techniques to treat diseases. These types include: live, killed, toxoids, subunit, and conjugate vaccines. Vaccinations that are the live type use a specific process which when administered will expose the patient to the actual disease, but in a much

Gerhart, D. “Ferdinand, Cohn, a Founder of Modern Microbiology”Features. Nov 1999. Retrieved on January 16, 2014 from microbeworld.org: http://www.microbeworld.org/images/stories/history_pdfs/f3.pdf

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of an analyte (usually antibodies or antigens) in solution. In the practical anti-BSA antibodies that had undergone serial dilutions were added to a BSA solution in an ELISA plate with goal of seeing how the concentration of anti-BSA antibodies would affect the colour change of the BSA solution. The results clearly showed a direct correlation as the more diluted the anti-BSA antibody solutions became the lower the Wavelength readings at 405nm, which showed that there was less of a colour change.

administration of the virus has been difficult because of the body’s ability to build antibodies

In the late 1700’s, Edward Jenner published his work on the development of a smallpox vaccination. Nearly a century later, Louis Pasteur goes on to formulate the Germ Theory of Disease. Two years later, Pasteur goes on to create the first live attenuated bacterial vaccine for chicken cholera. Six years later, the rabies vaccination is developed by the same man.

When the Smallpox disease made an overpopulated England its territory, it thrived and wiped out thousands of people (“Smallpox Vaccine: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly”). Smallpox was a major threat to many countries and civilizations for thousands of years; however, the permanent cure for the disease began in England. During the eighteenth century, a physician by the name of Edward Jenner was credited with the invention of the most important piece of medical technology, the vaccine, and became known as the “Father of Immunology”. Although Edward Jenner encountered errors in his research, and people questioned the ethics of the vaccine trials, he used his knowledge, determination, and medical experience to explore a more efficient and advanced

Immunization, as of today, is widely different from the methods of immunization used hundreds of years ago. Buddhist monks swallowed snake venom to receive immunity to snake bites, and variolation, the act of spreading cowpox infected skin on non-infected skin to gain immunity to smallpox, was exercised in China during the 1600s. In 1796, after injecting a 13-year-old-boy with vaccinia virus(cowpox) and validated immunity to cowpox, Edward Jenner is acknowledged as the founder of vaccinology. The first smallpox vaccine was produced in the year of 1798. Over the course of the 1700s and the 1800s, smallpox was eradicated due to the efficient application worldwide, which led to the vaccine being eradicated in 1979 (Immunization Advisory Centre).

I find the treatment that Jimmy Carter went through in order to fight against his cancer very interesting and amazing.The therapy was called Immunotherapy another name for it isbiologic treatment which is a cancer treatment that is intended to boost your immune system natural fighting defenses to help detect and destroy the cancer cells withing your body. It utilizes materials either made from the body or lab to enhance, target, and restore immune system function. Even thought this treatment isn't always successfully in treating patients with their fight with cancer it gives me more satisfaction that doctors are finding more ways to at least attempt to treat all cancers. As more research is being studied about cancer more treatments like the

Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist that made a monumental endowment for medicine; the smallpox vaccine. Jenner, the “Father of Immunology,” was born May 1749 in Berkeley, Gloucestershire. He received most of his schooling from Wotton-under-Edge and Cirencester. During this time, he became infected with smallpox, which had a lifelong effect on his health. Jenner was apprenticed at the age of 14 for 7 years from which he obtained most of the experience he required to become a surgeon.

In 1881, Louis Pasteur furthered the evolution of vaccinology, the study of vaccines, by creating the first Anthrax and Rabies vaccines (“A Brief History,” 2015).

The Elisa technique uses components of the immune system and chemicals to detect the immune response.

Louis Pasteur was one of the many scientists who have made positive contributions to the medical world using animal experimentation. He found out that when an old culture of bacteria, now known as Pasteurella, was inoculated into a chicken, not only did it not die but was protected against a later inoculation with a virulent culture. The principle of vaccination with attenuated pathogens was thus discovered. With the sacrifice of animals, Pasteur was able to establish the immunology branch of science.

The history of vaccination is something that both medical and public health students study as the basic foundational building blocks of modern western biomedicine. In the late 1700s, a man by the name of Edward Jenner, an English physician and scientist, inoculated an 8-year old boy with the pus drawn from the cowpox lesions of a dairy milkmaid (Green, 2015). The hypothesis at the time was that since milkmaids had a lower incidence of small pox while still having lessor cases of cowpox that the two were related. Researchers in Germany and England , through extensive testing, had supported this hypothesis. Jenner though was the first to make widespread use of the variolation.

The vaccine was discovered back in 1796 by the English physician and scientist Edward Jenner. Little did he know that he just made one of the most important discoveries in human existence. The vaccine consisted of cowpox pus that he later injected into to a little eight year old boy, James Phillips. After 2 week the boy had recovered from the cowpox and when exposed to smallpox, his body was not affected. The scientist was amazed and later on conducted an experiment which consisted of 12 people being inoculated with cowpox pus and later on exposed to the deadly disease of smallpox. Sir Edward Jenner concluded, “that the cow-pox protects the human constitution from the infection of smallpox”.This laid the foundation for modern vaccinology. The

When children are born and for the first two years of their lives, they receive multiple shots and drops of vaccines. These vaccines protect them from getting diseases that were deadly and common in children many decades ago. Vaccine is one of the greatest achievement in medicine history. There were thousands of lives lost in the battle with some of the terrifying diseases like smallpox and polio. Now, after years of vaccine invention, vaccination spread in many countries which helped in eradicate several illnesses. In the United States, each family is required to show their children's immunization chart in order to get accepted in many educational institutes. Parents usually face the decision whether to vaccinate