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The Holocaust Research Paper

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The Holocaust

Anti-Semitism in Europe did not begin with Adolf Hitler. Though use of the term itself

dates only to the 1870s, there is evidence of hostility toward Jews long before the

Holocaust--even as far back as the ancient world, when Roman authorities destroyed the

Jewish temple in Jerusalem and forced Jews to leave Palestine. The Enlightment, during

the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized religious toleration, and in the 19th century

Napoleon and other European rulers enacted legislation that ended long-standing

restrictions on Jews. Anti-Semitic feeling endured, however, in many cases taking on a

racial character rather than a religious one.

The roots of Hitler's particularly virulent brand …show more content…

The

German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 marked a new level of brutality in warfare.

Mobile killing units called Einsatzgruppen would murder more than 500,000 Soviet Jews and

others (usually by shooting) over the course of the German occupation (Jewish virtual Library). A

memorandum dated July 31, 1941, from Hitler's top commander Hermann Goering to Reinhard

Heydrich, chief of the SD (the security service of the SS), referred to the need for an Endlösung

(final solution) to "the Jewish question." Beginning in September 1941, every person designated

as a Jew in German-held territory was marked with a yellow star, making them open targets. Tens

of thousands were soon being deported to the Polish ghettoes and German-occupied cities in the

USSR. Since June 1941, experiments with mass killing methods had been ongoing at the

concentration camp of Auschwitz, near Krakow. That August, 500 officials gassed 500 Soviet

POWs to death with the pesticide Zyklon-B. The SS soon placed a huge order for the gas with a

German pest-control firm, an ominous indicator of the coming Holocaust (Holocaust Timeline).

Beginning in late 1941, the Germans began mass transports from the ghettoes in

Poland to the concentration camps, starting with those people viewed as the least useful:

the sick, old and weak and the very young. The first mass gassings began at the camp of

Belzec,

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