The Holocaust
Anti-Semitism in Europe did not begin with Adolf Hitler. Though use of the term itself
dates only to the 1870s, there is evidence of hostility toward Jews long before the
Holocaust--even as far back as the ancient world, when Roman authorities destroyed the
Jewish temple in Jerusalem and forced Jews to leave Palestine. The Enlightment, during
the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized religious toleration, and in the 19th century
Napoleon and other European rulers enacted legislation that ended long-standing
restrictions on Jews. Anti-Semitic feeling endured, however, in many cases taking on a
racial character rather than a religious one.
The roots of Hitler's particularly virulent brand
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The
German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 marked a new level of brutality in warfare.
Mobile killing units called Einsatzgruppen would murder more than 500,000 Soviet Jews and
others (usually by shooting) over the course of the German occupation (Jewish virtual Library). A
memorandum dated July 31, 1941, from Hitler's top commander Hermann Goering to Reinhard
Heydrich, chief of the SD (the security service of the SS), referred to the need for an Endlösung
(final solution) to "the Jewish question." Beginning in September 1941, every person designated
as a Jew in German-held territory was marked with a yellow star, making them open targets. Tens
of thousands were soon being deported to the Polish ghettoes and German-occupied cities in the
USSR. Since June 1941, experiments with mass killing methods had been ongoing at the
concentration camp of Auschwitz, near Krakow. That August, 500 officials gassed 500 Soviet
POWs to death with the pesticide Zyklon-B. The SS soon placed a huge order for the gas with a
German pest-control firm, an ominous indicator of the coming Holocaust (Holocaust Timeline).
Beginning in late 1941, the Germans began mass transports from the ghettoes in
Poland to the concentration camps, starting with those people viewed as the least useful:
the sick, old and weak and the very young. The first mass gassings began at the camp of
Belzec,
Robert S. Wistrich defined antisemitism as hostility and/or prejudice against the Jewish people or their religion of Judaism. Many people in today’s world instinctively associate antisemitism with Nazi Germany because of the mass genocide that took place. Hostility towards the Jewish people dates back thousands of years ago when the Roman Empire forced them away from their homeland that is now known as Israel. With the Jewish population forced from their homes they began to spread out all over the world and so did the prejudice against them. The Judaism religion was looked down upon in many parts of the world and people felt like it was their duty to treat the Jewish people with inequality. Antisemitism took a different turn when statesmen begin to use it in their campaign to gain the citizens support.
Prisoners of the Holocaust
The first phase began when the Nuremburg Laws were passed in 1935. These laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, property, and jobs. Jews were required to wear a bright yellow Star of David attached to their clothing to make it easy for Nazis to identify them. The
Consistent with Rossel, Germany has had a past of anti-Semitism, starting in 1542 when the great German Protestant leader Martin Luther wrote a booklet called Against the Jews and Their Lies. Even earlier the Catholic Churches had taught that the Jewish people killed Crist and should therefore be hated (10). Early teachings of anti-Semitism lead to a hating of the Jewish community, but with the German’s calling themselves the “Aryan Race” and the Jewish people calling themselves the “chosen one’s” there was bound to be competition on who was superior.
From 1941 to 1945, Jews were systematically murdered in one of the deadliest genocides in history, which was part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazi regime. Every arm of Germany 's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide. Other victims of Nazi crimes included Romanians, Ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah 's Witnesses and the mentally and physically disabled. A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories were used to concentrate victims for slave labor, mass murder, and other human rights abuses. Over 200,000 people are estimated to have been Holocaust perpetrators. Beginning in 1941, Jews from all over the continent, as well as hundreds of thousands of European Gypsies, were transported to the Polish ghettoes. Every person designated as a Jew in German territory was marked with a yellow star making them open targets. Thousands were soon being deported to the Polish ghettoes and German-occupied cities in the USSR. Since June 1941, experiments with mass killing methods had been ongoing at the concentration camp of Auschwitz and many more. That August, 500 officials gassed 500 Soviet POWs to death with the pesticide Zyklon-B. The SS soon placed a huge order for the gas with a German pest-control firm, an ominous indicator of the coming Holocaust. Beginning in late 1941, the Germans
The Holocaust was an terrible event that happened from 1933 to 1945. Approximately eleven million people were killed by the Nazis. A genocidal policy was passed by Adolf Hitler after he became the leader of Germany in 1933. His goal was to get rid of all the Jews in Europe and those who are considered in his "undesirable" list. As countries such as Italy, Japan, and Austria units with Germany and became the Axis Powers, they started invading and taking over other countries around them in Europe. I believe there are reasons that can explain why we still study about the Holocaust today.
Hatred towards the Jews didn’t start with the Holocaust. There is evidence that hostility towards the Jews as far back
Jews undergoing the selection process on the Birkenau arrival platform known as the " ramp"
From 1933 to 1945, hiding Jews was a massive event in Germany. Many Germans risked
Racial antisemitism was born in the Nineteenth Century when laws were passed in many European countries posing the Jewish people as second-class citizens, not receiving the same rights as others in society. While they had reached a level of religious emancipation in some countries, Judaism had become recognized as an ethnicity as well, and this ethnic difference from the Aryans therefore made them “inferior.” Pogroms began across Eastern Europe in the late 1800’s which resulted in
Another fact in support of Browning is that Hitler almost didn’t talk about his hatred of the Jews in public, so anti-Semitism didn’t play the main role in bringing him to power in 1933. After his election, German population was basically divided in two groups; people who strongly supported anti-Semitism and people for whom it was not a priority. Those who radically supported anti-Jewish laws passed by National Socialist Party, were violent toward Jewish population of Germany. Series of pogroms against Jewish-owned businesses were conducted in 1938, around 100 Jews were killed and 33.000 were sent to concentration camps. The Nazi political party gained more supporters during that time, because anti-Semitic measures looked like the only option to stop violence among German population. Another aspect of World War 2, according to Brwoning, that proves that anti-Semitism was not the main moving force in killings of Holocaust is that German soldiers killed millions and millions of none-Jewish people all around the Europe. German handicapped, Polish upper class, Soviet prisoners of war, Gypsies; all these groups of people were targeted during Nazi regime. So Brwoning argues that Jewish people were no different from other victims of Nazi genocide during years of World War 2. According to Christopher R. Browning, Germans soldiers who carried out the Final Solution
These ghettos were strategically placed near railways to assist in mass deportation to death camps.
The first example of anti-Semitism in Europe prior to World War One is when a new anti-Judaism evolved after the advent of Christianity. (History.com, n.d.) When the Rome economy went to shit they established Pogroms. The pogroms attacked Jewish people. The Romans destroyed the Jewish State. (A Brief History of Anti-Semitism) They destroyed the Jewish temple in Jerusalem and forced Jews to leave Palestine. (History.com, n.d.)
The Change in the Nazis Treatment of the Jews Why did the Nazis treatment of the Jews change from 1939-45?
Before the nineteenth century anti-Semitism was largely religious, based on the belief that the Jews were responsible for Jesus' crucifixion. It was expressed later in the Middle Ages by persecutions and expulsions, economic restrictions and personal restrictions. After Jewish emancipation during the enlightenment, or later, religious anti-Semitism was slowly replaced in the nineteenth century by racial prejudice, stemming from the idea of Jews as a distinct race. In Germany theories of Aryan racial superiority and charges of Jewish domination in the economy and politics in addition with other anti-Jewish propaganda led to the rise of anti-Semitism. This growth in anti-Semitic belief led to Adolf Hitler's rise to power and eventual