The Innate Immune Systems And The Acquired Or Adaptive Immune System

immunity systems that help us avoid infection, and save us from “certain death by infection.” The two crucial immunity systems are adaptive immunity and innate immunity. Innate immunity, also known as natural immunity, is naturally present, and not a result of prior sensitization, for example, an infection or vaccination. As a result of not being simulated by specific antigens, innate immunity is non-specific, as opposed to acquired immunity. Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response

The immune system is split into two groups, innate and adaptive. Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that, during exposure of an antigen, act at once or within a few hours . Physical barriers like skin, chemicals in the blood, and cells in the immune system that attack foreign cells are examples of defense mechanisms. An antigen's chemical make-up is what triggers the innate immune to respond. Adaptive immunity however, is antigen-specific, has immunologic memory and consists

The immune system is a complex bodily system involving multiple organs, tissues and cells. What exactly is immunity? Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection or by other non-immunological factors (Baxter, 2007, p. 552). Immunity can be broken into two major categories, innate and adaptive immunity. The innate and adaptive immunity both play a vital role when it comes to the immune systems

Adaptive immune system The adaptive immune system also called acquired immune system, differs from the innate immune system since it is more specific to each type of molecules. Indeed, it relies on T and B lymphocytes that have an antigen specific receptor on their surface. Due to the lack of molecules owning this receptor, the adaptive immune system is much slower than the innate one because it needs more time to identify the antigen of the bacteria. During the inflammatory response, the adaptive

The immune system performs specific defense against agents, the antigens that are foreign or harmful to the body. Exogenous antigens are often in contact with the skin or entering the airway, the digestive tube and the genital orifices and mucosae. They can also penetrate the circulation directly through wounds. The body has many defense mechanisms against foreign pathogenic agents. These mechanisms are divided into two groups: the specific mechanisms and the unspecific mechanisms. The specific mechanisms

The virus penetrates the host body, weakens the immune system and can cause a life-threatening disease called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) (Masthead, 1962). The world health organization estimated that there were approximately 36.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2016 (World Health Organization, 2017). There are two types of HIV, i.e. HIV-1 and HIV-2. 95% of the infections that are spread worldwide is HIV-1 and HIV-2 is mainly seen in some West African countries. They

To be able to understand how probiotics play a role in the immune system, we must first be able to recognize how it works. The immune system is a bodily function that protects the body from foreign cells and tissues (Merriam Webster, 2017). The main organs that correspond with the immune systems are the tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, and spleen (Thompson, G., 2015). The thymus and bone marrow are primary lymphatic structures that are involved in the formation and maturation of lymphocytes

The antagonist of this story is unlike the villains we know. In fact, they can’t even be seen with the naked eye. They are viruses. Viruses are non-cellular genetic elements that hijack a host cell in order to use their molecular machinery to reproduce and cause infection. Therefore, by definition, viruses cause a reduction in the fitness of their host. Because viruses harm their host, natural selection favors host genes that make them resistant to viruses. Consequently, this places a selection pressure

one immune to infection, typically by inoculation/vaccination. The body’s first line of defence to prevent pathogens and harmful microorganisms from entering and causing disease and infection, is the skin, chemicals in tears and sweat and stomach acid. Pathogens sometimes overcome these first line defences and their responses, what happens next? The body’s immune system is the next specific response to pathogens being detected in the body. The response includes B and T Lymphocytes

The immune system is a crucial and essential defense mechanism in the human body as it allows the differentiation of cells that are self from cells that are non-self (reviewed by Spiering, 2015). The immune system is subdivided into two major categories: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system (reviewed by Spiering, 2015). The innate immune system, also known as the non-specific immune system, is composed of cells and structures that are acquired from birth and defend and protect