The Loyalists: Their Reasons for Fleeing the United States and their Impact on Canadian

Following the climactic events of the French Indian War and the Lexington and Concord skirmishes, tensions bubbled between the colonies and the mother country, Britain. This friction stemmed from debate over whether the parliament had the right to legislate over the colonies. Britain felt they should have full jurisdiction over the colonies, while the colonies wanted true representation from within the colonial legislatures. The French and Indian war garnered a large amount of debt and in attempt to repossess some of the money lost, the British Parliament imposed taxes upon colonists. Britain originally  implemented the Stamp Act of 1765, but appealed the law after the obstinate reactions of colonists. However, they then issued the Declaratory Act of 1766 which only reiterated the

These stamps were required on bills of sale for trade items, and on various types of commercial and legal documents, anything from playing cards to diplomas to marriage licenses. Grenville claimed that the Stamp act was needed in order to help defray the cost of keeping British troops stationed in the colonies in order to protect them. To the colonists this was an invalid answer, because the French were out of North America, and they no longer needed protection. Instead, this Act was viewed as a tax solely to make money for England: "A right to impose an internal tax on the colonies, without their consent for the single purpose of revenue, is denied..." (Document B). Also, anyone that disobeyed these laws was tried in the admiralty courts, were juries were not allows, and you were guilty until proven innocent. In response, the colonists formed the Stamp Act Congress, in which the members drew up a statement of the rights and grievances of the colonists to send to the king, however it was ignored by England. Instead, they started a steady boycott of British goods. It is after this that the colonists realized that they were being used by England, and began their cry of "no taxation without representation!" Parliament had thought that it was making easy money off of the colonies; instead it had started the fire of rebellion burning, and the Stamp Act was soon repealed.

     There was another by-product of the war for Britain; her national debt more than doubled during the course of the conflict. At a time when Britain was starting to bend beneath the weight of the debt, it was only a matter of time before parliament looked to the colonies to help shoulder some of the price incurred in their defense. The Sugar and Stamp Acts were the first of many measures to tax the colonists. The Townshend Duties and the Tea Act would follow. While these measures outraged the colonists because of their monetary implications, it was the constitutional implications brought on by the Acts that were most offensive to the colonists. Until after the Seven Years War, the colonists had been left to essentially tax themselves. Now the colonists had a rallying cry, as they deplored the idea of no taxation without representation. In 1765 the Stamp Act Congress was held, and in a bid of utter defiance the representatives agreed that the colonial legislative assemblies alone had the right to tax the colonies. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, but only after agreeing to pass the Declaratory Act, which informed the colonies that Britain did in fact have the right to legislate for the

Due to the bitter rivalries of their mother countries, the two sides also had a strong feels of animosity against one another. This animosity was furthered when the French surrendered New France. This cession of French territory to the British occurred after the French and Indian Wars of the mid 18th century; specifically after the treaty of Paris in February 20th of 1763. The essential annexation brought about much anger within the French. This was illustrated during the highlights of the Patriote movement (the rebellions of 1837 and 1838) and the secession of New France to become British. These events, along with prior rivalry with Britain and its colonies brought forth a substantial amount of Francophone nationalism. Though the rebellion was also caused by famine and poverty on some level, it was the strong French nationalism was the spark that brought about Canada’s first “civil war.”

The French and Indian war caused debts among the British. The British realized that during the war the income from the colonies was insufficient (document F). After the war, the British needed certain ways in which to gain revenue. They imposed taxes on the Colonists. These taxes, in turn, caused a stir among Americans. The Stamp Act was a tax imposed on the colonists without representation (document H). Their liberties as English citizens were being denied. Radical Whigs would go as far to say it

In the years before the war for independence, a majority of the colonies were supporters of our union with the British Empire. The dangers to a young colony were numerous, and without the vast resources of the British, it is doubtful the colonies would have survived. As the years progress, the colonies developed a stronger economy, increased food productions, and developed local governments that reduced the need for a guardian empire. As the British government tried to increase its control over the colonies, a group of colonials started to think about life out from under British controls. This group eventually came to be known as the “Patriots.”

Nationalism is an important aspect of national pride and identity for countries around the world. For example, Canada takes pride in its cultural identity, one that is claimed to be different from other ‘Western’ more ‘industrialized’ nations, such as countries in Europe, and the United States. Even though Canada currently has a national identity that differs greatly from that of other more established countries, history has dictated the way in which a particular national identity exists today. In Canada, Samuel De Champlain and the French established colonies that created a cultural clash between the French Europeans, and First-Nations Canadians within the country. However, this notion of French Canadian Nationalism isn’t necessarily embraced by all of the Canadian Population. This paper seeks to analyze important pieces of Canadian History that have contributed to a broken concept of what constitutes Canadian nationalism, with an emphasis on how historic events prevent and affect coherent Canadian Nationalism in modern society. Through the analysis of the notions and histories associated with ‘First-Nations Nationalism’, ‘Quebecois Nationalism’, and a broader ‘Anti-American’ identity embraced by many Canadians, this paper seeks to locate common ground within the culturally diverse Canadian population in order to progress toward a singular coherent

The most important aspect of this proposal deals with the aftermath of the Canadian insurrections. This will be of extreme to significance to the reader as the aftermath of the rebellion would change the destiny of Canada. After learning of the uprisings in the Canadian colonies the British parliament sent a commission to study the causes. Lord Durham was named governor on May of 1839 and was in placed in charge of establishing an inquiry into the rebellions. From this inquiry came a list of recommendations submitted to the parliament in London (Outlett, 275). Two recommendations in this report became extremely significant to Canadian history.

Overall, based on multiple influences Nova Scotia decided to reside in the American Revolution and stay neutral. Their lack of influence on the war was largely determined by spiritual revival, economic salvation and independent ideology. In our modern society most citizens would go to extraordinary lengths to protect loved ones, which is very similar to the Scotians. Some going against basic beliefs they ultimately chose to benefit themselves. Although not taking the risk may have eliminated the chance to create new identities and move into a new era built directly on their own

Ukrainians started to relocate to Canada during “The War of 1812” due to the political and economic instability of their home country, however, the first and largest major immigration took place from 1889 to 1914. The latecomers were forced to settle in Southern Canada and become wage workers. Ukrainians were categorically attracted to Canada because of the “National Policy” of the CPR, specifically the “Settlement of the West”. They were offered costless land by Sir John A. Macdonald to populate Western Canada, however, they weren’t aware of the fact that they wouldn’t receive anything but the farmland or that the land that they would receive was in the desolate prairies. Most Ukrainian Canadians were compelled to start a farm and manually

"We must cherish our inheritance. We must preserve our nationality for the youth of our future. The story should be written down to pass on." (Louis Riel, 1884). Louis Riel, a man of great nature and abiding love for his western Métis heritage, is proven to be one of the most revolutionary men looked upon in the chronicles of the Dominion of Canada. In spite of this, he remains as one of the most controversial and cryptic figures throughout the course of Canadian history. A period of revolution lasting from the 1870’s to the late 1880’s was condemned with constant revolts justified as an intervening year for those involved. Louis Riel is regarded as a hero by preserving the civil liberties and identities of the Métis and leading two

The Civil Law of England was formally introduced into Upper Canada in 1792 (Riddell 165). Their law greatly differed and was based on their autonomous ego. In Riddell’s 1915 journal The Duel in Early Canada, Blackstone comments the practice of English Civil Law by the Loyalist as “where both parties meet avowedly with an intent to murder thinking it their duty as gentlemen, and claiming as their right to wanton with their own lives those of their fellow creatures, without any warrant or authority from a power either divine or human, but in the direct contradiction to the laws of God and man” (Riddell 165). This signifies that the intention of the Loyalist were crude and irresponsible. They did it out of their egotistic notions.

Loyalist: After, the American Revolutionary war the americans who were loyal to Britain moved to Quebec. Quebec later became part of Canada East.

Sprague’s textbook “The structure of Canadian History” was not a good source because of the bias towards Trudeau. Since this source was a textbook, it is unacceptable to deliver facts and credible information that is heavily influenced from personal bias. “…rather than issuing an apology for such overzealous police work, the Prime Minister boasted that separatism was “dead”.” This excerpt shows the extreme bias towards Trudeau and how incredible this source is. This source has many limitations that makes it unreliable and untrustworthy. As well as the limitations, the content and value are weary and questionable due to the heavy bias towards Trudeau. Another liability is the vagueness of the title “The structure of Canadian History.” This indicated that the textbook itself does not focus on the topic of the War Measures Act as comprehensive as the other sources. This source is the least useful source due to the heavy bias towards Trudeau in a textbook which should be providing unbiased and neutral

On August 19th, 1942, Prime Minister Mackenzie King broadcasted a message across the entire nation to emphasize the importance of a national selective service. Through the broadcast, a clear message was transmitted: if the allies were to win the war, Canada needed to employ all it’s resources into the war effort, and the Canadian women were at the forefront of this national effort. (Edmond Cloutier, 1942).i