Gorham Disease Essay

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite minimal. This was one of the venereal diseases prostitutes hoped to contract since it resulted in infertility by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As documentation, diagnostic testing, and public awareness improved, there has been a decline

rarely, can spread through the blood stream and infect the joints, heart valves, or the brain. The

Osteopetrosis is a rare, genetic disease that causes extremely dense and brittle bones. This is because individuals affected with osteopetrosis do not have normal osteoclasts, which bones need to work correctly. Healthy bones require properly functioning osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bones and osteoclasts are bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption, which is the breaking down of bones and providing space for new bone marrow to grow. An individual with osteopetrosis has osteoclasts that do not function properly, therefore their bones are not healthy (Stocks, Wang, Thompson, Stocks, & Horwitz, 1998).

It is the most common bone disease and more common in women and in the elderly

Osteoporosis, meaning porous bone from the Greek language, is bone disease that gradually and steadily wears down bone tissue and its living cells. This wearing down will eventually cause the cells of bone tissue to degrade and die, leaving their “scaffolding” to be the only things only bone together. Without living cells to take up a home in this scaffolding, minor injuries such as falls, bumping into objects, and pressure that would normally be completely and would not pose any threat to bone tissue suddenly becomes a real hazard that can easily pose a threat to one’s well-being. Osteoporosis affects a person skeletal system.

Osteoporosis, also known as porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue which leads to bone fragility and an increased risks of the hip, spine, and wrist. Both men and women are affected by this (although it affects women more) but it can be prevented and treated. In the United States, more than 40 million people either already have osteoporosis or at a high risk because of low bone mass.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva also known as FOP is a one of the rarest, most disabling genetic bone conditions known to medicine. FOP causes muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues to turn in to bone. Movement becomes limited in the affected areas of the body. People with FOP typically have malformed toes at birth, meaning the big toe is typically shorter than normal and abnormally turned outward in a position called a valgus deviation. Symptoms of FOP start to show up in early childhood. Most people with FOP develop painful tumor-like swellings also known as fibrous nodules. The fibrous nodules are visible on the neck, shoulders, and back.

Reasearching a lesser known representative such as Nathaniel Gorham was more difficult than it would be to research a more well known delegate such as Benjamin Franklin, but it was still relatively easy to find a good biography online. The only pictures of Gorham that exist online are different versions of the same portriat, but the portriat in question is quality enough to give a good impression of what Gorham would've looked like. And although the few online biographies and articles of Nathaniel Gorham do not exactly give up a wealth of information, the facts and sources they provide are enough to do a decent synopsis of Gorham's life and reprenstation of his state in the Constitutional Convention.

Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which bones become brittle and fragile as a result of tissue loss. Causes of osteoporosis include hormonal changes, deficiency of vitamin D, and, most commonly, deficiency of calcium. Bones affected by osteoporosis are easily fractured, and such fracturing most often occurs in the hip, wrist, or spine. Under normal circumstances, bone tissue is constantly being broken down and subsequently replaced by the human body; however, osteoporosis prevents the creation of new bone. As a result, a net loss of bone tissue occurs since no new tissue is available to replace the old tissue. With age, bone mass loss increases faster than does bone mass creation. There is currently no known cure for the disease. Osteoporosis

     Osteoporosis is a health ailment which causes bones to become so porous that they can break easily. Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bones'. The bones in our skeleton are made of a thick outer shell and a strong inner mesh filled with collagen [protein], calcium salts and other minerals. The inside looks like honeycomb, with blood vessels and bone marrow in the spaces between bone. Osteoporosis occurs when the holes between bone become bigger, making it fragile and liable to break easily. Osteoporosis usually affects the whole skeleton but it most commonly causes breaks or fractures to bone in the wrist, spine and hip.

There are numerous factors that contribute to the development of this horrible disease, but the most important factor is vitamin D deficiency. When the minerals in osteoid crystallize, they require adequate concentration of calcium and phosphate. When the concentration is not at the correct level, ossification does not proceed normally (Huether & McCance, 2008). Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium from the intestine. When there is a lack of vitamin D, the concentration of calcium begins to fall (Huether & McCance, 2008). The body begins to regulate this calcium drop by increases the amount of PTH synthesis and secretion (Huether & McCance, 2008). An increase of PTH causes a clearance of phosphate and without the correct levels of phosphate mineralization of the bones cannot proceed in the correct manor (Huether & McCance, 2008). The abnormality of bone growth can occur in spongy and compact bone (Mayo

In winter 334–333 I conquered western Asia Minor, subduing the hill tribes of Lycia and Pisidia, and in spring 333 I advanced along the coastal road to Perga, passing the cliffs of Mount Climax, thanks to a fortunate change of wind. The fall in the level of the sea was interpreted as a mark of divine favour by my flatterers, including the historian Callisthenes. At Gordium in Phrygia, tradition records my cutting of the Gordian knot, but this story may be apocryphal or at least distorted. At this point I benefited from the sudden death of Memnon, the competent Greek commander of the Persian fleet. From Gordium I pushed on to Ancyra and thence south through Cappadocia and the Cilician Gates a fever held me up for a time in Cilicia. Meanwhile,

We report the case of a 46 year old caucasian woman with CED bearing the mutation R218H at exon 4 of the TGFB1 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.2. Although her symptoms started in early infancy, the diagnosis was only established at age 24. No significant previous antecedent was known. She presented with recurrent bone pain and polyarthralgia, involving mainly hip, knee and tibiotarsal articulations, with mechanical rhythm and progressive functional disability. Radiologically she presented diffuse osteopenia, symmetric thickening of the cortical diaphysis of the forearm bones, femur and tibia (Figure 1A). She was started on prednisolone which resulted in pain relief. She gradually became dependent on high dose prednisolone with only partial pain relief.

Osteomalacia may be asymptomatic and present radiologically as osteopenia. It can also produce characteristic symptoms, independently of the underlying cause, including diffuse bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking .

Paget’s disease, also known as Osteitis Deformans, this is a genetic disease that causes an abnormal processes of breakdown, reabsorption and rebuilding of osteocytes. This abnormal process effects focal bone remodeling and can lead to irregular structure and altered mechanical properties of the bones themselves. The bones become weak and results in pain, arthritis, bone deformities and fractures; however, it is still unclear of what the