The National Tuberculosis Control Program Essay

Tuberculosis has long been a disease that the human culture has been dealing with which entails significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With dealing with such a horrific disease over the years, discoveries and evolution on the appropriate ways to contain, diagnose, and challengingly treat the disease has changed. One of the most concerning complications of this worldwide public health issue is the ability for it to quickly spread in high populated areas while becoming ever more resistant to forms of treatment not available in all locations around the world. This is a serious public

TB is still proven to be a top killer around the world, and with more cases of drug resistant TB being reported daily, the cost of treating and preventing this disease will continue to be on the rise.

Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that is now affecting our world and the people living in it in a horrible way. Due to many factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, and lack of health care, many third world and developing countries have been left very vulnerable to tuberculosis. It is affecting a large part of these countries and is leading them deeper into poverty and sickness. The effort to help these countries against tuberculosis has only been slightly effective against this widespread and destructive disease.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Once believed to be easily treated and prevented, Tuberculosis (TB) has recently been making a steady comeback. Previous to modern medicine, TB claimed millions of victims, spreading from person to person like wildfire. Around the 17th-18th centuries, the “White Plague” took the lives of 1 in 5 adults (20%) in Europe and North America (Iseman, 1994). However, as technological advances progressed, this seemingly ferocious viral disease became a primal, insignificant thing of the past. But, in the nature of all bacteria, TB has, in the recent years, mutated to become progressively drug resistant. Why is Tuberculosis coming back with a vengeance? Well, the answer’s quite simple. TB has done an amazing job of standing in the corner and

Tuberculosis, the white plague as used to be called once upon a time is still one of the deadliest bacterial killers affecting almost all parts, all corners of the globe. Though successful anti-tubercular antibiotic regimens and effective vaccine are available for decades and being used in the battle against Koch’s bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of this chronic multi organ granulomatous disease, our strand in the battle continuously seems to be in the losing side. Moreover the increasing prevalence of HIV-AIDS and diabetes mellitus is being proved to be providing predisposition to tuberculosis. As witnessed by the WHO, which has estimated that, in the year 2012, 8.6 million people have developed tuberculosis and 1.3 million have died of the disease including 320000 deaths of HIV-TB co-infected people (Global tuberculosis report 2013. World Health Organization; 2013). Long term antibiotic therapy and that too associated with several side effects and discomforts have diminished patient compliance with the anti-tubercular chemotherapy. This fact in turn has raised the new deadlier MDR-TB and XDR-TB strains. The whole scenario is a matter of panic and questioning the effectiveness of anti-tubercular antibiotics, immunologic efficacy of century old BCG vaccine and all other medical advents.

Tuberculosis is a global problem that has affect the lives of many people. Though the rates very decreased immensely many third world countries still have very high rates of people infected with TB. Per the CDC: Rhode Island Health Profile, Rhode Island is 16th among the 50 states in the rates of TB (2015). Rhode Island has the 3rd high rate within the New England. Also, per the Health Department of Rhode Island, the highest rates reported in Rhode Island were in the states capital, Providence. The state of Rhode Island has a case rate of 2.8 per 100,00 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], Leveling of Tuberculosis Incidences, 2016). There were 30 cases reported in RI in 2015. According to the World Bank, the incidence rate

Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), also known as TB, is a disease spread by respiratory inhalation of droplets that contain the bacteria. Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has been traced back at least 9000 years. In 1882, Dr. Robert Koch was the first physician to describe Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the germ responsible for tuberculosis. However, treatment that was evidenced based was not put into practice until the 20th century. It is estimated that 2 billion people around the world are infected with the TB bacteria. Approximately 5 to 10 percent of these infected people will actual develop active TB and experience the life-threatening symptoms of the disease. Tuberculosis

It is very important to know that TB can be treated and cured by taking the required medication that could last for around 6 to 9 months depending in the dosages. It is very important as recommended for all types of medication to make sure it is taking properly and is finished to avoid getting sick all over again. Selected studies were evaluated for their objective(s), design, geographical and institutional setting, and generalizability. Studies reporting health outcomes were categorized as primarily addressing efficacy or effectiveness of the intervention (Cobbelens, 2012). Tuberculosis can be cured and the social elements have always been an important issue on who will get the disease and who will be able to receive help to become cured. This disease will remain a worldwide issue for many individuals. Medication is continuing to treat as well as cure the advances of this disease and technology and medication has changed over the years, that it has become a way of shortening the amount of therapy that is needed. Perhaps in the future individuals will commit resources, plan and implement interventions that are needed to help reduce the deaths that are caused by TB. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). The Centers for Law The Public Health. Retrieved from HYPERLINK http//www.cdc.gov/tb/programs/TBLawPolicyHandbook.pdf http//www.cdc.gov/tb/programs/TBLawPolicyHandbook.pdf Cobbelens, F.

Tuberculosis is a disease cause by a bacterium that spreads when a person infected with the virus, sneezes, coughs, or even talks and the germs make it into the air for another person to breathe. This bacterium primarily affects the lungs and prevents the proper functioning of the respiratory system. Tuberculosis continues to be a problem in the United States and the problem is even bigger in developing countries such as India where they have seen the growth of MDR-TB cases. The following annotated bibliographies include a variety of peer review journals, a CDC website and the RX for survival video, which addresses the burden of tuberculosis in different parts of the world. The bibliographies also look at the risk factors, prevalence, mortality,

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. There are three types of TB-related conditions: latent TB infection, reactivation of TB and disseminated disease. It has been reported that one third of the world’s population is infected with M. tuberculosis1. Australia is among the countries that have the lowest rate of TB cases while Vietnam is among those that have the highest rate. TB infection is air-borne and can be tested by tuberculin skin test, TB blood test and x-ray. Drugs are used in medication to treat TB infection and disease. TB can be prevented by national control programs and vaccines. This paper aims to compare and contrast tuberculosis control in Australia

Tuberculosis was the most widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an endemic disease .According to World Health Organization Tuberculosis is infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. 24th March is celebrated as the world TB day to make the entire world. TB was diagnosed in modern medicine at the beginning of 19th century after the identification of mycobacterium by Robert Koch. But our Indian Systems of Medicine started treating this disease from 5000 BC by use of herbal drugs. TB was diagnosed in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind, that despite the great achievements of human society still remains a major health problem. Because due to the socioeconomic problems and negligence in the treatment of tuberculosis, as well as HIV epidemy, in many countries there are a large number of smear positive patients often remain undiagnosed. On the other hand, patients' failure to visit a physician after initiation of complaints, Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment by a physician, inadequate treatment, improper administration of anti-TB drugs, patients' financial problems in preparing medications, and patients' inadequate information about their disease status and discontinuation the medication can lead to the creation of drug-resistant cases of TB. Since 1993, World Health Organization has accepted the Directly Observed Treatment, Short course (DOTS) as a global strategy for TB control. It is estimated that each year about 10-8 million people become infected with TB and 3-2 million people die annually due to this disease. The World Health Organization has declared tuberculosis a global emergency and has recommended efforts to control the disease. Tuberculosis is considered as an endemic and common disease in east mediterranean countries. Because of Iran proximity to Pakistan and Afghanistan (which are among most contaminated regions in the world), our country is at serious risk of this disease. TB epidemiological indicators are:

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).

Although decades of worship bring a light of new chemical classes and moieties for the treatment of tuberculosis and still running to enlighten more possible ways to withstand and draw a full stop to the condition, the standard reports of tuberculosis enlisting cases are still on the increment side rather to declining state. Since 90s the regimen of anti-TB drugs is well established but now it is under red alters concern as the drugs are resistant to the causative bacilli, M. tuberculosis, endangering mostly the developing countries and disease prone areas of the world. With the motivation of new drug approved for the disease, the moieties in the pipe line for the consideration of being a successful drug, the review also concerns about