INSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL
CHAPTER TWO
The Organizational Context: Strategy, Structure, and Culture
To Accompany
PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
Achieving Competitive Advantage
By
Jeffrey K. Pinto
CHAPTER TWO
PROJECT PROFILE: Project Management Improves Lenovo’s Bottom Line
INTRODUCTION
2.1 PROJECTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY
2.2 STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT Identifying Project Stakeholders Managing Stakeholders
2.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
2.4 FORMS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Functional Organizations Project Organizations Matrix Organizations
Moving to Heavyweight Project Organizations
PROJECT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN BRIEF: The Impact of Organization Structure on Project Performance
2.5 PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICES
2.6
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On the other hand, strategies are more specific ideas that outline how the company plans to realize these objectives.
3. Imagine that your company is planning to construct a nuclear power plant in Oregon. Why is stakeholder analysis important as a precondition of the decision whether or not to follow through with such a plan? Conduct a stakeholder analysis for a planned upgrade to a successful software product. Who are the key stakeholders?
In the case of building a nuclear plant, stakeholders may not only cause disruptions in the planning and construction, but may altogether block the project from being completed. Very powerful government, environmental, legal and community stakeholders may intervene in the creation of the plant. Performing a stakeholder analysis could identify potential obstacles and stakeholder objections to building the plant. By identifying these obstacles in advance, it may be possible to prevent them. If prevention is not possible, assessing them beforehand may allow management time to create an alternate plan prior to resources being invested in the current project. Key stakeholders in a software upgrade would include suppliers, competitors, project team members, top and functional management and clients. Suppliers of the software would be influential in success implementation and maintenance of the system. In
A stakeholder analysis is a process for providing insights into, and understanding of, the interactions between a project and its stakeholders. It is a powerful tool to help project members identify and prioritise stakeholders who can have an impact on project success. It can prompt thinking about the type of influence individuals have and in what way they might be an asset (or hindrance) to achieving successful outcomes. It is an essential starting place for understanding critical stakeholders and is the first step for developing engagement strategies for building and maintaining the networks that are necessary for the delivery of successful project outcomes.
In this paper, a stakeholder is the key to the program, where their decision is affected by the actions and decisions that are made by the organization. Stakeholders take interests in various areas of the operations of any business, but having a well put together program plan will help make
1.1. A strategy is a term used to describe the firm’s “overall efforts to gain and sustain competitive advantage” (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 9). The “translation of the strategy into action takes place in the firm’s business model, which details the firm’s competitive tactics and initiatives” (Rothaermel, p. 11). Basically, a strategy will explain how a firm will make money but the difference between a strategy and the business model is the business model explains how the firm intends to make the money AND puts it into action; the strategy just gives the theory. Business models put strategy into action. A strategy focuses on the company in
Strategy is plan action designed to achieve long term and overall goals. Strategy may also be defined as method or plan to bring about the desired future or solution to a problem.
It is important with any project to involve the key stakeholders from the very beginning. This will help make the projected project plan as robust as possible and would also help to make the top management team more away of the plan. In order to make an accurate assessment of what is needed to complete this project it is important to identify the key stakeholders. The following people have been identified as the stakeholders.
Stakeholder’s analysis is the way to identify the key factors whose influence will have a greater impact that helps to plan the support to get success. There are the benefits of stakeholder’s analysis such as; it helps to improve the
The purpose of this report is to examine the role of projects in the implementation of business strategy. To understand the role of projects in the implementation of business strategy the report will look at Tesco Plc. Tesco is UK-based multinational grocery retailer and general merchandising retail chain, with a presence in 14 countries including South Korea, China, India, Malaysia, Thailand and Ireland. The company was established in 1919 and it has grown significantly in less than hundred years to reach the level of among the largest retailer in global level. It is the largest retailer in the UK, operating hypermarkets and superstores, and its growing its share of smaller stores and online sales. The company has different ways to reach the
Strategy is defined as a plan of action designed to achieve a major objective. This is the overall operations to achieve a goal. During war the military has tactics which come from the art of planning. A strategy is the guide for the individual, business, or organization to achieve the objective at hand. An individual should map out and meditate in advance to reduce the chance of failing. So, for FedEx, it could be to map out routes to make sure delivery personal does not overlap each other. A strategy is a compass that guides a person along to make sure they achieve their objective.
Larson, E.W. and Gray, C.F. (2012, p. 214). Project Management: The Managerial Process, 5th Ed. McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions. Boston, MA.
Stakeholder's Analysis is an important activity through which the Project Manager will understand the actual effect of the stakeholders, an appraisal of their profits, and the courses in which these maneuvers influence
According to Meyer, (2010), strategy is the action that company can take to achieve its desired goals. When it comes to a company, thinking can be said to be either long-term or short-term. When translated into action, it is what is called operations or projects. However there are differences between operations and
Strategic planning involves making decisions about the organization’s long-term goals and strategies and how the organization decides to implement their goals (Bateman, Snell, Konopaske, pg. 113). Strategies help organizations to have a clear perspective on how to go about accomplishing the goals they have in place. All organizations have a clear vision of what their mission and purpose as a company is, they know how to fulfill the mission, vision, and purpose and they know how to ensure that they accomplish all their goals. However, the route the organization takes to define these things determines how effective they will be.
Project management has quickly become something that is used by most organizations when the organization wants to finish a project in a timely manner and within budget. Project management helps companies to meet their strategic mission in a planned and organized way. This paper will explain what project management is and the importance of it to the business world, the project life-cycle management and the benefits that project management has to an organization and the concept that goes into the planning of the life-cycle and how research and critical thinking is a mandatory part of planning. This paper will also explain project organizations and the importance of leadership and sponsorship, project team building and the techniques
Strategy: Strategy is the plan of action an organisation prepares in response to, or anticipation of, changes in its external environment. Strategy is differentiated by tactics or operational actions by its nature of being premeditated, well thought through and often practically rehearsed. It deals with essentially three questions (as shown in figure 2): 1) where the organisation is at this moment in time, 2) where the organisation wants to be in a particular length of time and 3) how to get there. Thus, strategy is designed to transform the firm from the present position to the new position described by objectives, subject to constraints of the capabilities or the potential (Ansoff, 1965).
A strategy is said to be a plan that is made for the long term success of a product or brand. It is extremely important to have a strategy in order to figure out a direction towards which any company is able to focus all its resources efficiently and achieve desired outcomes. Formulating effective strategies is a considerably long process in itself that combines analysing several factors, situations and issues that are already present in a company and looking to improve on them alongside trying to implement various innovations and ideas to collectively create a direction towards which they can move and direct the resources available to them.