The Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay

HIV is transmitted via semen, blood, breast milk, and vaginal and rectal secretions. An infected mother can pass HIV to her unborn child via placenta or during birth if the proper measures are not undertaken. Sharing needles can also infect an individual due to possible contamination of infected blood (Holland, 2013).

It is estimated that 34 million people are currently diagnosed with HIV (Bakhshaee, Sarvghad,, Khazaeni, Movahed, & Hoseinpour, 2014, para. 1). HIV consists of two strains, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more commonly seen world wide and can progress rapidly (Darby, 2015, 861). The slower progression is the HIV-2, most commonly seen in West Africa and is related to the sooty mangabey monkey (Darby, 2015, 861). HIV is a virus that prevents the body’s normal host response from activating to fight off illnesses that the body could normally fight off if the body was not compromised. Once the body experiences immunosuppression, the likelihood of death due to the disease is at a higher chance. HIV is called a

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, more commonly known as HIV, started as a serious illness and eventually led to death rapidly. About thirty years ago HIV was discovered as a transition from chimpanzees to humans in West Africa. The researchers believed that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated when humans hunted these chimpanzees for food, coming into contact with their infected blood. Over the years, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world, such as the United States (“Where did HIV come from” all). In the U.S, 4,000 people are diagnosed with HIV every year (“HIV/AIDS at A Glance”). Instead having any symptoms or signs of this epidemic illness, the rate of victims grew greatly (“What is HIV”). As a result, HIV is not completely curable, but there are ways to control it. Testing positive for HIV now provides updates of additional information not known about including causes, signs, treatment, and prevention. The lack of knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases aren’t fulfilled as they should be.

Societies have been devastated by a number of epidemiological outbreaks, but few diseases have been as antagonistic as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The global transmission of this disease has been perpetuated by the ease of long distance travel and immigration (Magis-Rodriguez, 2004; Xu et al., 2014). Throughout the past 35 years the course of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as patterns of immigration, have changed immensely. Given the increase in both HIV and immigration, specifically in North Carolina (NC), this dissertation will focus mostly on changes, concerns, and strengths pertaining to the screening and treatment for HIV among Latino immigrants in NC. The

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the human wellbeing by attacking the body’s immune system which is the natural defense system in the human body to resist infections. When the immune system is being compromised, the body becomes less capable of fighting diseases, allowing the body to become more susceptible to infections. Different from other viruses that the body can get rid of, HIV will remain in the body for life (Wright and Carnes, 2016). HIV works by attacking the CD4, which assists the immune system to resist infections. If not treated the virus decreases the number of T-cells in the body, thus making the person’s immune system highly prone to infections or infection-related cancers (Wright and Carnes, 2016). After the body’s immunity is actively depleted, therefore allowing opportunistic infections to invade the body, the patient will be approaching the final stage of HIV, also known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), quickly (Wright and Carnes, 2016).

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that alters the immune system, making the population with HIV vulnerable to infections and diseases. HIV can be found in the body fluids of an infected person. The virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. HIV can be transmitted in many ways, such as vaginal, oral sex, anal sex, blood transfusion, and contaminated needles. Patients with HIV cannot clear to virus out of their bodies like most other viruses do. Once a patient is diagnosed with HIV, he will have it for life. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), HIV can stay in the body for a long time and attack ones T-cells or CD4 cells, which are the cells that are needed

HIV, or the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus found in human beings that primarily infects cells that are part of the immune system, but can affect other cell types as well. HIV is what is called a retrovirus, meaning it has the coding system of RNA opposed to DNA. AIDS is a virus that is caused by HIV and has many different symptoms that vary with different individuals. HIV causes symptoms such as severe infections that can lead to pneumonia and changes of the skin like red or purple patches. The virus can spread through sexual contact or the exchange of blood.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a single stranded positive sense RNA retrovirus that infects CD4+ T-Cells, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells. (Viral Zone) Information concerning HIV’s routes of transmission, and epidemiology, as well as the course of the disease can be found below.

HIV first binds to CD4+ helper T-cell with the gp120 protein on the HIV virus and the chemokine receptor, CCR5, on the CD4+ helper T-cell. (6) The viral core then enters the cell and the virion’s protein membrane fuses with the cell membrane. The virus then injects its RNA into the cytoplasm where reverse transcription occurs so synthesize HIV DNA, also called provirus. The provirus is then transferred into the nucleus were it is integrated into the host genome. The infected cell then transcribes and translates the provirus. The viral proteins and some of the viral RNA gather at the edge of the cell membrane and bud off from the infected cell. The newly formed HIV virus goes on to infect other CD4+ helper T-cells, while the infected cell dies. (6) The virus can evolve to use the

According Canadian public health agency (2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDS is a dangerous disease that has by now killed more than 20 million people across the world. Basing on the report released by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS, no cure for AIDS has been established to date, and currently there is no vaccine against HIV and AIDS infection. This paper therefore discusses the biology of HIV and AIDS, Back ground, modes of infection, clinical consequences, current research, preventive and modes of transmission, and diagnostic procedures specifically in N.America.

The human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that leads to AIDS if left untreated. There is no cure for HIV, but treatment for management is available. Scientists believe that HIV came in contact with humans as early as the late 1800s by chimpanzees located in Central Africa. The chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus is known as the simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV, which likely mutated to HIV during times that humans of the region hunted chimpanzees for meat. By the end of 2015, there was an estimated 36.7 million people internationally (including children) infected with HIV or AIDS. There are several causes for infection of HIV that include contact with blood (usually by needle pokes or sharing), vaginal fluid, semen, and even breast milk. People with high risk behaviors like drug use or anal sexual activity are at a greater danger of getting infected by HIV.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that infects the cells of human immune system, causing destruction and impairing the cellular functions. Progressive deterioration of the immune system at cellular level causes associated infection to undermine the immune system putting the patient at risk of opportunistic infections. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV. AIDS is caused when HIV related cancers hit the immune system by 20 or more opportunistic infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) by the end of 2016, 36.7 million people (30.8-42.9 million) were living with HIV globally. Approximately 0.8% (0.7%-0.9%) adults between the age group of 18-45 were living with HIV and 76%

In most cases, when the issue of a disease comes up, most people are worried about; the severity of the disease, how it can be managed in conjunction with how it can be transmitted, so basically if it is highly contagious and most importantly, if any cure has been established for it. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS) is one of the most difficult epidemics to control. This is because, the HIV virus attacks the very cells designed to control and as such, can avoid exposure to treatments which is the major reason why a cure for it hasn’t been found. Owing to the lack of their knowledge of the severity of the virus, a shadow of illiteracy is cast on them because they have no access to the knowledge on how to protect themselves from the virus, let alone, prevent the spread of it. This virus is detrimental not only when a person is infected but also, when a people aren’t properly educated about the severity, prevention and steps to take after one has been diagnosed, so as to make efforts to increase the quality of life for both themselves and the people around them.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a virus that no one wants to talk about. Due to lacking media attention, judgment, and ignorance, many people are not knowledgeable about the virus. In the 1980s people became aware of the HIV virus because of the epidemic that arose, but many people didn’t react appropriately to it. One of the reasons there was not a huge reaction was because nobody was aware of the disease. However, scientist soon discovered that everyone was susceptible to the virus. One of the original thoughts of HIV, was that it came from Africa, originating from West African monkeys. Along string of this virus was found and