The Proband 's Maternal Aunts Essay

This disease does not favor one gender over the other, it effects males and females equally. Currently, the origin of diabetes is a conundrum. Although, it is understood that the immune system attacks the beta cells but it is not clear how or why it occurs. It is hypothesized that T1D maybe hereditary and environmental factors contribute to the onset (5). Symptoms prevail in individuals whom have the majority of their beta cells destroyed via a cellular mediated autoimmune response (1).

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

I never really thought about of diabetes as being a health problem in my life until I diagnosed with it. My physician told me one of the risk factor for getting diabetes is family history. My family history has big impact on to been diagnosed with types II diseases. Having one of family members have been diagnoses with diabetes mellitus increase the chance to get the disease than those not have family history. He also mention that race/ethnicity also another risk factor to develop diabetes. Also, been African Americana descent played major roles to be diagnosed

When asked about S.J.’s father’s physical health, it was mentioned that his health has never given him problems before but at this point in time it is unknown. Her father is bipolar and a strong history of bipolar disorder runs in his side of the family. Also S.J.’s paternal grandparents have a history of pancreatic and lung disease, dementia and hypertension. As for her maternal grandparents, there is a history of diabetes, hypertension, migraines, cancer (breast and intestinal), and bipolar disorder. S.J. has no blood-related siblings. Furthermore, S.J. has a cultural (ethnic) background that consists of Native American, German, French, Hispanic, and

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting the body’s ability to take up glucose into the tissues. There are two main classifications; Type 1 is known as insulin dependent, meaning that the patient’s body no longer produces insulin to help in the uptake of glucose. Type 2 is known as non-insulin dependent, these patients usually have two problems; insulin resistance, the insulin they produce does not work properly and β-cell impairment, their body does not produce enough insulin.2 In 2008 a study showed that of 24 million patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in the United States, 40% of them were 65 years of age or older.1

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that involves the changes of blood glucose level in body systems. This disease usually inherited from generation to generation and sometimes it is due to lack of insulin produced by the pancreas. As the insulin produced is decreased, the blood glucose level will increase thus distressing the metabolism and damaging the body’s systems especially the blood vessels in kidneys, hearts, eyes and nervous systems (Nagappa et al., 2003).This disease have three different subtypes, type I (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM), type II (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Type two diabetes is the most common disease today, and it has a great impact on the lives of many people in the United States. Type two diabetes results when the body is resistant to insulin or impaired secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells. The pancreas produces too much insulin, but over time it is not able to make an adequate amount of insulin needed in order to move the glucose into the cells. However, there are many factors that lead to type two diabetes. They are known to be genetic, high body weight, previously identified impaired fasting glucose levels or impaired glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, and history of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 pounds. Type two diabetes effects about 90% to 95% of the cases of disease in the US (Hinkle & Cheever, 2013). It's

An overview of the proposed sequences of the key pathological features of type 2 diabetes is provided by Dr. Jack Leahy from the University of Vermont College Of Medicine. In his article he addresses the need for continued genetic research since little discovery has been made in this area. He also explains the known environmental causes such as sedentary lifestyles and high fat diets that contribute to type 2 diabetes, changes in lifestyle practices would reduce the incidence of this disease but this is not a practical solution. The best solution according to Dr. Leahy lays in understanding the

Genetic factors have been linked to the onset of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and researchers are working hard to understand more about the link between family history and the development of diabetes.

Diabetes has become a widespread epidemic, primarily because of the increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is an endocrine disease in which the body has either a shortage of insulin or a decrease ability to use insulin or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter the cells and be converted into energy. Diabetes can be characterized as a prevailing, incapacitating, and deadly disease. There are a number of risk factors that increase a person’s tendency toward developing type II diabetes. Modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are just a few. The

This paper will look at the health history of a student at the University of Arizona in the BSN program. This paper will explore the risks this student has of contracting diabetes mellitus due to a predisposition in her family history. The reason for the disease, patterns, risk, and preventative measures will be discussed and explained through the paper. Many people in the world suffer from type II diabetes [diabetes mellitus (DM)]. This student explored her health history back tracing diseases through her sibling, parents, aunts, uncles, and grandparents. This disease has a genetic component, but is also about lifestyle and choices that can be made to prevent the severity of this disease.

The risk classification for the proband to obtain any of the diseases common in the family are significantly high regarding two specific diseases; type two diabetes and hypertension. Type two diabetes seems to be the most common disease in the proband’s family. The proband’s mother, sisters, maternal grandmother, and maternal aunts all have type two diabetes. Type two diabetes is a heterogeneous condition that is defined as hyperglycemia in relation to relative insulin deficiency. There is evidence that type two diabetes has a strong genetic component, those who have one parent with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of having the disease. The main difference between type one and type two diabetes is that type one has an absolute deficiency of insulin, whereas type two can have high, normal or low insulin levels. The number one treatment and management plan for someone who has type two diabetes is controlling weight, exercise and dietary intake. If these changes in lifestyle do not improve the disease, then there are oral medications and insulin that are prescribed by a physician if needed (Gerard,

Diabetes mellitus type II or simply diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar. This condition arises from insulin resistance and in some cases a relative lack of insulin (Kommoju, & Reddy, 2011; Xinli, Huijie, Yan, & Yan, 2013). A review of my family background reveals that I am at considerable risk of developing diabetes in my lifetime. A critical examination of the existing literature on the causes of diabetes reveals that a group of genes is involved in most cases of diabetes (Kommoju, & Reddy, 2011). Within my family, my maternal grandmother suffered from diabetes from her early forties. Furthermore, one of my maternal uncles and paternal aunts have both been diagnosed with diabetes. Currently I am seven months

As previously stated, there is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the differentiation, the etiology of diabetes is divergent. Being insulin-dependent, Type 1 diabetes is brought about by the immune system eradicating beta cells, leading to the deficiency of insulin. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes has a basis that can often times be prevented to an extent (“Causes of Diabetes”, 2014).

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is destroys pancreatic beta-cells, leading to partial or total loss of insulin production (Merger, et al 170). The exact cause is not known, but the destruction is triggered as an autoimmune response which could be due to the stressors from environment and genetics (Merger, et al 170). “Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which there is no cure, nor prevention at the current time” (Merger, et al 170). Most individuals who present with type 1 diabetes do not have a known relative who had the disease, and newborn screening programs for genetic risk makers have not yet been made universal (Skyler and Camillo, 3). “Typically type 1 diabetes is diagnosed between 6 months and young adulthood, but the disease can occur at any age” (Merger, et al 173). “Neo-natal diabetes is very rare, however, the incidence of IDDM increases most between ages 0-4, (4.7% per year). An incidence of 31 to 100,000 occurred in the 5 to 9 year olds, 50.6 in the 10 to 14 year olds and 50.6 in the over 14 year olds per 100,000 and year” (Merger, et al 173). Recent research shows the male to female ratio of IDDM incidence in children under 14 was 1:1, and the ratio is 1:7 in children over the age of 14 (Merger, et al 173). The highest area of prevalence of IDDM is found in Finland with 64.2 per 100,000 per year in 2005, and the lowest incidence is from China and Venezuela with a rate of 0.1 per 100,000 per year