The Process Of Mitosis And The Function Of Chromosomes, Genes, And Dna

Mitosis: This is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus in order to generate two identical daughter nuclei.

Mitosis and meiosis are similar in several ways and different in others. The similarities include that both processes involve IPMAT. IPMAT is interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The parent cells are diploid. They both end with cytokinesis. In Metaphase and Metaphase II, the sister chromatids line up along the center. Then in Anaphase and Anaphase II, these chromatids are split and pulled towards the centrosomes. The differences are that mitosis consists of 1 division while meiosis consists of 2. Four genetically different, haploid sex cells are the products of meiosis and 2 identical, diploid somatic cells from mitosis. Mitosis occurs in all organisms except viruses and meiosis only occurs in plants, animals, and fungi.

“All types of cells undergo mitosis during formation of the embryo, but many adult cells, such as nerve cells, lens cells of the eye, and muscle cells, lost their ability to replicate and divide. The cells of other tissues, particularly epithelial cells [e.g., of the intestine, lung, skin), divide continuously and rapidly, competing the entire cell cycle in less than 10 hours” (McChance & Huether, pg. 35).

A) Meiosis consists of two cell divisions and is broken up into Meiosis I and Meiosis II. At the beginning of the Cell Cycle, in this case there are four chromatids each from the homologous pairs being A, a, B, b. This is the Diploid number (4) meaning it is 2 times the haploid number that will be seen at the end of meiosis II. During the S phase of interphase, the chromatids replicate and reach the end of G2 phase. Now starting meiosis, during the first stage of prophase I the chromosomes condense and pair up through synapsis with their sister chromatids creating AA, aa, BB, bb. After they pair up they go through a process called crossing over, where the homologous chromosomes share a piece of their genetic material with each other. Crossing over allows for the genetic diversity of chromosomes. Now there are four homologous chromosomes Aa, Aa, Bb, Bb, each containing heterozygous alleles because the sister chromatids exchanged genetic information with their homologous pair. During late prophase I, spindle fibers being to form where they will later attach to a homologous chromosomes centromere. The next stage is Metaphase I. During metaphase I, the homologous pairs line up at the metaphase plate, also known to be the center of the cell. The homologous pairs form a tetrad which is considered a group of four homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes orient themselves randomly, which is know as the process of independent

Also, everybody has healed. Our body’s cells reproduce in order for that cut to heal. This cell cycle is the process in which mitosis occurs, and all of the preparations in order for mitosis to happen. (T. Raymond, 2013.) The first phase is known as the interphase, also called the resting state of the cell. Where the cells start to expand through the G1, S, and G2, standing for Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2. During G1, the daughter cells almost double, until the size of the parent size. During the DNA synthesis, the chromosomes are replicated, so that the new daughter cells each have the same amount of genetic information. Finally, during G2, the cell makes preparations for mitosis to occur. This is done by separating 2 strands of DNA. After the interphase, the cell is ready to divide in mitosis. The prophase is the second phase in mitosis. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the centrioles get into position. Next is the metaphase. This is where the chromosomes gather in a single plane, as opposed to its regularly scattered form. The DNA will then have condensed into chromosomes. Then, the anaphase occurs. This is essentially the first phase of division, where half of the chromosomes are pulled to one side of the cell, and the other half is pushed to the opposite side. Finally, in the telophase, the membrane (outer shell of the cell) closes in and separates the cell into two parts. (T. Raymond, 2013.) This is the basic process of how your cells expand to perform many different functions, like promoting growth in your body, replacing dead cells, and reproductive

Mitosis tried its best to break me. All the phases to remember and all the functions of the phases seriously couldn’t the human body be a little easier to comprehend. At first glance Mitosis seemed not so complicated until realising the intricacies of the process. I grasped the basic principle of mitosis in its simplest form, cells divide. The four phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase all had a part to play in cell division but what each phase contributed I could not understand. also over the whole cell cycle there was really a total of nine phases if you count the interphase, mitotic phase, G1 phase, G2 phase and S phase I needed some clarification. I endeavoured to find out answers to four questions to clarify and understand clearly.

Mitosis and Meiosis are two very important topics to learn about within school. It is easy to confuse the two, because they sound so similar, are similar, but also very different. Mitosis occurs when the human body grows and it is asexual because no sexual interaction needs to take place. Meiosis occurs during sexual reproduction and the creation of DNA. There are many similarities and differences between Mitosis and Meiosis.

Sample response: Graph A represents a cell undergoing meiosis and Graph B represents a cell undergoing mitosis. In both mitosis and meiosis, the cell starts out with a certain mass of DNA that then doubles as DNA replication takes place during interphase. In mitosis, the cell undergoes the next set of stages including prophase, metaphase, and telophase without changing the quantity of DNA in the cell. When mitosis reaches telophase, the cell divides in two and so one-half of the DNA goes into one daughter cell and the other half goes into the other daughter cell. This results in two daughter cells with the same quantity of DNA as was present in the parent cell. In meiosis I, this same pattern of DNA mass change takes place as DNA replicates

Mitosis is a process in the cell cycle in which the chromosomes in the cell are separated into two identical sets. Both of these sets have their own nucleus (Mitosis, 2013). Mitosis is followed immediately by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles, and the cell membrane, and later karyokinesis, which divides the nucleus, dividing the cell into two new cells (Mitosis, 2013). Mitosis and cytokinesis both are part of the miotic part of the cell cycle, which is the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell (Mitosis, 2013). Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells (Mitosis, 2013).

New cells are formed by dividing, so that there are two cells were there once was one. One-celled plants and animals begin and complete their lives as single cells. (Kemp 12) Human beings and multicellular plants and animals also develop from a single

Cellular division is the process of one cell splitting into many. This process is present in all of nature and is a continuous process. Cellular division causes wounds to be healed, sex cells to be produced, and overall growth to be done. The two main forms of cellular division are Mitosis and Meiosis. Through analyzing what categorizes each process students can get a better understanding of cellular division.

Now that the DNA has been replicated, mitosis can occur, which entails the cell (which now contains two strands of identical DNA) undergoing nuclear division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells (Tortora & Grabowski, 2003). Mitosis is a process which consists of five phases in itself; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase/cytokinesis. The duplicated chromosomes are now known as sister chromatids which are attached at a centre point called a centromere. During prophase, these chromatids inside the cell condense and become tightly coiled, and also, a mitotic spindle begins to form. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane of the cell fragments and one

Mitosis and meiosis are both forms of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and share some similarities, but also exhibit distinct differences that lead to very different outcomes (UK essays 2013; widmaier et al, 2014; Toole, 2015; Khan, 2016). Mitosis is a cell division that produces two daughter cells receiving a copy of every chromosome with the same genetic component as the parent cell, while meiosis is a cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes which contain a single copy of each chromosome (widmaier et al, 2014; Diffen, 2016; Toole 2016; Encyclopaedia Britannica). The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction, while the purpose of meiosis is the production of gametes for sexual reproduction (UK essays 2013; Vancouver community college, 2011).

Mitosis- the typical process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cell. … results in two identical daughter nuclei of identical genetic constitution to the parent cell. (Henderson’s dictionary of biology, 2008)

The processes of mitosis and meiosis were examined along with their frequency as well as each of the different steps and their time duration. It was found that the interphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis was the longest of all the stages as this was where most of the ‘action’ was happening such as cell growth and duplication of all cell organelles and chromosome replication also. It was also found that mitosis and meiosis have similar stages, however, they also have a lot of differences such as the end result and what is happening throughout each stage.