Human Trafficking is a complex phenomenon that derived from different factors such as social, political, economy and culture (Bales, 2007). However, some factors are specific to a place or individual therefore, in addressing the root causes of Human Trafficking, understanding the context is essential (Kim and Chang, 2007). The root causes of trafficking have been identified through micro and macro perspectives. The rational theory explains trafficking on the individual level, it stated that the decision of people movement is based on the cost-benefit analysis (Lanier & Henry, 2004). Human is a rational being that always strive to what is benefiting to them including to commit crime. The benefit that outweigh the consequences of crimes could be the reason people engage in trafficking. Furthermore, in the integrated global market, the opportunity of better job and living standard have attracted people to move. The huge demand of both licit and illicit product and services can lead to trafficking. For example, the increasing number of entertainment industries in urban cities required more women to be hired and for this reason unemployment youth may willing to involve in trafficking circle. However, Gallagher argue that the movement of the people is not always opportunity-seeking purposes but survival reason for instance, because of conflict or discrimination where their life might be in danger (Gallagher et.al, 2002). Hence, the victim vulnerability is resulting from their
Human trafficking is defined as a recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, of receipt of persons, by means of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power of a position of vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation (Human Trafficking Information). Today human trafficking, also known as modern-day slavery, has been one of the controversial issues in the United States and nationwide. In fact, it is now considered as the fastest growing multi-billion-dollar business form of organized crime. Also, Human trafficking is affecting the lives of millions around the globe and robbing the victims of their pride. As a matter of fact, Traffickers deceive men, women, and young children from around the world to force them into unspeakable
Globally, about 20 to 30 million people are involved in the human trafficking system, and of those, 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked in the United States every year. Human trafficking is more prevalent today then ever before. It is the third largest crime internationally. People are abused and taken advantage of. According to the article, “11 Facts About Human Trafficking,” on average, a person is forced into the system around age 9, and the majority of victims are women and girls, with a small percentage of men and boys. In addition, the human trafficking system is a $32 billion dollar industry. Human trafficking can be defined as the selling and trade of human beings, ranging anywhere from children to adults, for the purpose of
Human trafficking is a crime that is vast and ever-growing. It is also hard to identify and prevent, which attributes to the growing industry associated with this crime. There have been researchers who have examined the current data on human trafficking through literature reviews. Unfortunately, there will be limitations to this research because one cannot properly assess all cases of human trafficking; especially because there are many occurrences that go undetected. There have also been researchers who have linked human trafficking with particular criminological theories, in attempt to explain both why traffickers partake in this crime, and how individuals become victimized. This paper will examine 2 of the literature reviews completed, the limitations of those reviews, and 2 theories that may be used in explaining how one may become a victim and trafficker of human trafficking.
27 million people all over the world are currently being forced into human trafficking or modern day slavery, 161 countries including the US will be affected by human trafficking. 1 million children will be exploited by the commercial sex trade each year. Sex trafficking began in the 1700s in the United States. It hasn’t been stopped because it continues to increase over the years. Even though the law enforcement and people around the world could be strong enough to stop human trafficking, I believe this situation needs to be more focused on and stopped as soon as possible. Because Human Trafficking is increasing rapidly and Oklahoma is a cross-way for sex trafficking due to the interstates such as I-35, I-40 and I-44.
There are endless reasons that human trafficking exists in modern times. These reasons are not black and white, and have a multitude of contributing factors, cause and effect, and influences. The causation of the modern slave trade is outlined in chapters three, four, and five of the text: Human Trafficking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, written by Mary C. Burke. Chapter three, titled, “Sociological Perspective: Underlying Causes” relates sociology to the concept of human trafficking to better understand the culture behind the slave trade, including political and economic characteristics. A factor contributing to the existence of human trafficking is globalization and the development of national economies. While globalization can be
Human trafficking exists in several nations all around us. No nation, including the United States is exempt from human trafficking. There may be factors that create unique anti-trafficking issues and obstacles for each nation, but the characteristics are all the same or very similar worldwide. These characteristics are how the trafficking is conducted, how the victims are kidnapped, the percentage of victims, the gender of the victims, and the percentage of each gender in different trafficking situations. The situations include children, adults, male, and female victims. The situations the victims fall into are pornography, forced labor, sex slaves, prostitution, child sex tourism, and many more. These are the issues and key points made by the authors to persuade the reader to agree with their position.
Opening Statement The crisis of human trafficking has been an issue for centuries, what is the root of the problem? Why is this atonable crime still an issue in 2015? Exercise of human trafficking is stimulated by the absence of economic advantage, opportunity in the work force, and gender discrimination. As Shelley says in her article, "Human Trafficking as Transnational Organized Crime," there are both push and pull factors that stimulate the result of human trafficking.
Human Trafficking is one of the most heinous crimes that operate over transnational boundaries. The act of human trafficking is highlighted as a criminalized activity according to the article 5 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol set out by United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. While Human Trafficking is generally attributed to the Less Developed Countries. This is because the socio economic dynamics along with weaker law and order situation provide a strong environment for this activity to take place. That said the developed countries have an equally important role to play in the prevalence of Human Trafficking.
She’s the girl who’s running away from her abusive past, the one who is impoverished and looking for a way to make ends meet, or perhaps, she’s the girl who naively fell in love with the wrong man. Regardless of the reasons, there are nearly 30 million victims of human trafficking globally. There are more slaves now than ever before. Trafficking of persons is not a subject that should be ignored or taken lightly. In order to fully understand the enormity of this crisis, we will examine the root causes, facts, and the impact of human trafficking throughout the world.
In this essay, the history of human trafficking will be examined, followed by who is affected by trafficking. Next the scope and types of exploitation will be discussed. Human trafficking is an issue that affects countries all over the world. Governments have made an effort to curb trafficking, however these efforts have been very narrowly focused. American ignorance has led to poor handling of the issues by policy makers. Finally the essay will discuss a proposed solution and set some goals for society to work on in the future.
Caitlin Huber, in her blog, claims that “globally, human trafficking, or modern slavery, generates about US $ 32 billion a year, making it the third-largest criminal activity in the world after drug and arms trafficking” . Human trafficking can be the result of a wide variety of factors depending on the nations, region, type of trafficking and other cultural and social factors. However, there are some specific traits that are found with trafficking in general, even across distant far off regions. These include violence, poverty, oppression, low standard of living, civil unrest, internal conflicts or war, suppression of human rights, and a general lack of opportunity for better jobs and life. The most vulnerable to trafficking are those
Human trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three major themes that cause human trafficking: a nation’s economy, political and legal factors, and social factors that enable the continuance of human trafficking. According to previous research indications of historical influence and social hierarchy have the greatest impact on the causes of human trafficking; these topics will further be elaborated upon during the discussions of political influences and social factors that impact human trafficking.
The effect human trafficking has on world today. Human trafficking is victims have been the most disrespect and terrified people in the world. They are sold to slavery either for sex or labor services. The sad part about human trafficking happens right under our noises. I think in some cases of the Unite States some of larger companies that are outsourcing human trafficking in order to keep their business standards by keeping customers happy. Most underage girls from ages 12-18 are used for human trafficking. Some of those girls are runways, or drug addictive and kidnapping from their parent. Human trafficking is the most profitable slavery around the world. Most of majority of human trafficking victims are very vulnerable such as, selling of small children, young underage women and sometimes elderly adults. I really think if someone who condemns this kind of brutal act toward anyone should be sent straight to electric chamber to die. Human trafficking victims has been caught and sold to higher bid for sex or slavery. Human trafficking most target the poor, and disaster area was people lives.in June of 2014, there a new law called JCMST in which it were stated bring down the danger of human trafficking of any kind .also, human trafficking has become a way for child mobilization , and teenage marriage is forced through
In recent times, the number of human trafficking cases has skyrocketed through the roof. So, what exactly is human trafficking? Human trafficking is defined as a criminal activity, in which people are recruited, harboured, transported, bought or kidnapped for the purposes of exploitation. These exploitations include forced labour, child soldiery, sexual slavery, forced marriages and so on. Statistics show that the main victims of human trafficking consist of women and young girls while children come in a close third (Appendix A). Over the years, human trafficking has become rampant worldwide as the demand for human labour and sex slaves drastically multiplies due to the Internet.
The exploitation of trafficking victim occurs within and outside the country resulting in physical and physiological violence, retaliation, debt bondage, economic instability, separation and being prosecuted under the migration or criminal law enforcement. Moreover, in the worst-case victim is being killed or committed suicide due to the unbearable violence. The returning of trafficking victim to the country of origin is problematic. The spreading stigma within the society, predominantly women working in prostitution or experienced sexual abuse to be perceived as immoral and dirty. The shame and failure to meet family and community expectation is severely affecting victim’s self-confidence. Hence, divorce, and rejection from family and community are inevitable. The financial difficulty, physical and physiological harm consequently increase victim dependency. There is also a raising concern on the risk of trafficker revenge and victim re-trafficking.