The roots and dynamics of regionalism Regionalism is defined as” the sustained cooperation, formal or informal, among governments, non-government organizations, or the private sector in three or more countries for mutual gain” (Alagappa 1994: 158). Regionalism does not mean necessarily that the states or the members of regional organizations have to be from the same geographic area, they are rather a group of members that have shared needs or perceptions that see coming together would help and benefit all of them. There are two sets of types of factors that result in regionalist approach; the political and the economical. The political factors: Identity: This includes common culture and religion (internal factors) or common peace and security that would bring countries together to defeat a common enemy in history (external factors). Internal and external threats: This can be a reason that brings states together to protect themselves. A clear example could be seen in the NATO alliance as it was firstly made as a collective protection method against the communist threat. Domestic policies: a domestic policy would support national manufacturing and production would more support those who export as well, this would mean it has to make easier trade laws with other countries and to open borders to economic trade more, an example could be seen in MERCOSUR. Leadership: in all groups if there is no leader to organize things, all matters fall down. It is the same for regional
Identity is the set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a group. Each people have their own personality, being different and unique from other people. Even though it’s different, each people have some similarity with others that connected them together as a community or a group. However, these groups is not open for all people, some people have to sacrifice their aspects of identity in order to belong to the group that they want to join.
sectionalism- narrow-minded concern for regional interests rather than interests of the whole; loyalty to one’s region of the country instead of the nation; caused the country to develop two political parties and the country to split politically- the North voted for Adams and the South for Jefferson
Harm de Blij’s book, Why Geography Matters poses a central theme, which I have heard discussed multiple times. Blij argues that the American public is the most geographically illiterate society in the world. Blij blames this decline with the poorly formulated curricula in the American school systems, which ultimately originates from Washington D.C. and the people that run this country. If I had never seen this central theme in action in a classroom I would have been dumbfounded.
Regional economic equality was significant, these states supported a government that favored a managed trade and commercial development. Other states favored free trade due to its export based economy. This division of regions divided supports between empowering the national government and those that supported strong state government.
These are all about how and to what extent a government mediates in the economy. This can incorporate – government policy, political steadiness or precariousness in foreign markets, foreign trade policy, tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions and so on.
Although Nationalism had a greater impact on politics and economics during this time period, towards the end different sectionalistic views divided the nation, negatively impacting the United States politically and economically. Even though the American system primarily united the United states and portrayed nationalism, there were some sectional views that arose. The Bank of the United States overall united the nation economically; however, sectional issues arose because it would benefit the north since they had industries while the south resented it because it gave power to the north. The protective tarriffs protect the northern industries and help them grow but since there are no industries in the south, they get the goods they need through
(Merriam-Webster.com). In other words, identity consists of the various collection of ideas and morals that humankind hold themselves dear to, whether it be related to religion, ethnicity, ideology, politics, or any other general factor. Indeed, one could suggest that it shapes the formation of a country, as identity creates people and people create the basis of nations. The United States of America, for instance, provides a prominent example of this theme. Built on a foundation of
Identity may be a bit hard to define because of its content its broadness, every country have their own way of building, cooking, praying, playing, joking, fishing, farming, dressing, even speaking.
There are millions of words across the globe that are used to describe people and uncover their identity, but what is identity? How can you begin to describe something that varies so greatly from one human being to another? Can you create a universal meaning for a word describing human concepts that people often fail to define for themselves? Of course there isn't one definition to define such a word. It is an intricate aspect of human nature, and it has a definition just as complex.
Realism is the portrayal of the reality of everyday life and period of literature between 1850-1900. Realist fictions speculate myths, assumptions, social norms, sentimentality, collective wisdom, and prejudices. Realism stories are usually about the middle-class people, and it aims to show a truthful portrayal of truth. Regionalism is a class of realist literature distinguished by closeness to the habits, language, dialects, manners, history, traditions, beliefs of a particular geographical region. Regionalism manifests the characters of both realism and romanticism. Romanticism is cultural the period from 1830-1860 in America. Humankind is naturally good. The characteristics of romanticism are passion and emotion, nature over the man, spiritual, intuition, and insight. "A White Heron," by Sarah Orne Jewett, is an example of local color because of its realism. Jewett uses characteristics of regionalism like dialogue to show the contrast between the locals and outsiders, habits, their daily activities, the dress, features of a place. "Editha" by William is the story of realism which has many characteristics of realism like details about war; he uses dialect to hold out the trend of the story, using middle-class peoples character. Dean Howell uses a part of romantic style but all together its categorized as one of the
Today more than ever, individuals and societies are built as an integration of different cultures and carry different characteristics that construct their unique identity.
Identification is “the ongoing process that describes the way in which individuals and groups see themselves and the way others see them.” It refers to the way people develop their cultural identity; language, ethnicity, religion and social class are all examples of social characteristics that give people a shared sense of belonging. Pountney and Maric (2015) pages 144-5.
The international system is a self-help system; states are obliged to look after themselves, because there is no one else to look after them. Waltz does not assume that states are pursuing the increase in their power and the importance of them between others states, necessarily aggressive body, but he does believe that they desire to preserve themselves. This means that they are obliged to be considered with their security, national defence and obliged to regard other states as potential threats (Brown, 2001).
1. Identity is people's concepts of who they are, of what sort of people they are, and how
As a concept that has become common since the 1990s, globalization is described as the technological, economic, cultural, ideological, and economic changes across borders. It can also be regarded as the transformation of the global economy through the anarchy of financial markets or a technological revolution with social impacts. In contrast, regionalization is the growth of societal integration within a specific area that incorporates all the undirected procedures of economic and social interactions among the units in the region. Since these concepts are different in nature, they contain various strategies that are only effective in specific situations.