The Structure Of Bacteria That Causes Disease Essay

Esherichia coli also known as E. coli is a bacterium that lives in your gut. (1). it was founded by Theodore von Esherich in 1888. There are many people that can get the bacteria. Also there are thousands of strands of E.coli. Six E. coli O157 outbreaks were identified during 2007. Four of the outbreaks involved foodborne transmission. (Eshericha Coli). Six Minnesota cases and one Wisconsin case with the same or closely-related PFGE subtype of E. coli O157:H7, and an additional Minnesota case of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli that was not culture-confirmed, attended the Minnesota State Fair in August. All but one of the cases showed cattle or visited the cattle

Bacterial and fungi infections are easy to cure with the use of antibiotics, where as viruses can be hard to cure or vaccinate against, such as the common cold. Bacteria can be found everywhere and anywhere Soil, Water, Plants, Animals, material and even deep in the earth's crust. Bacteria feed themselves by making there food with the use of sunlight and water. We would not be able to live without Bacteria. The human body consists of lots of friendly bacteria which also protect us from dangerous ones by occupying places in the body. Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have

Fungi are multi-celled organisms that form a third Kingdom of life, along with the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom.

It 's bad or infectious bacteria that cause illness as they rapidly reproduce and produce a toxin that kills or mutates cells, bacteria is also self sufficient.

Bacteria - are micro-organisms that consist of only one cell. Bacteria multiply by splitting themselves in two, which is called a binary fission. Because of this they can increase in number rapidly. The majority are harmless, but some can be pathogenic which results in bacterial infection occuring. Bacterial infections can be treated by using antibiotics. Bacteria can evolve a resistance to antibiotic e.g. MRSA. Some diseases caused by bacteria include tuberculosis, pneumonia, salmonella, tetanus and syphilis.

Distinctions in the micro-organisms structure can be pivotal to not only the function of the pathogen within the body, but also the means by which it may spread.

Louis Pasteur was one of the brilliant scientists of his day. He was the one who discovered vaccines for Rabies, Anthrax, Cholera, Tuberculosis, and Smallpox. His most important discovery in medicine was the idea of injecting the disease into someone who already has the disease to build up immunity to it and help the body grow stronger. Besides the Rabies vaccine discovery, he is most known for discovering the idea called “the germ theory of disease,” which is the idea that specific germs cause diseases, and if they can determine the germ they can cure the disease by injecting it into the body. His motivation for these discoveries all started when a beer factory had fermented and the beer had gone sour. This caused the owner of the factory to question why and he brought in Louis Pasteur to help him figure out this anomaly. Louis figured out it was because of the microorganisms found in the beer that was causing it to sour. He began looking at different types of drinks as well like milk and

‘’Mold is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae. In contrast, fungi that can adopt a single celled growth habit are called yeasts.’’

Bacteria are single celled. They consist of enzymes, DNA, cell membrane, and a cell wall. The cell wall of bacteria is flexible and made of peptidoglycan. Bacteria can be good or bad. The cell wall can attract other bacteria or protect against pathogenic bacteria. Most bacteria is beneficial and does not cause disease. When pathogenic bacteria get into the body, it reproduces and crowds out the good bacteria. Some common diseases caused by bacteria are E. coli, salmonella, h. pylori, gonorrhea, meningitis, staph infection, pneumonia, ear infection, and strep throat. Bacterial diseases are contagious and can cause toxic shock syndrome, blood poisoning, or kidney failure.

A pathogen can be defined as a microorganism or a biological agent that causes disease. Pathogen’s sole aim is to replicate and produce progeny to pass its genes on to; therefore the notion of a perfect pathogen would be an organism that has the capacity to carry out this task. The major classes of infectious agents are bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi and even prions (Albert B, 2002) . In order to be considered perfect a pathogen would have to possess many characteristic such as being highly contagious, rapidly shed, evoking limited immunity, constantly evolving and only moderately virulent, allowing most of the infect to recover, which means a larger pool of susceptible host (J.Hall, 2012). The host immune system protects us from most infection. However pathogens must overcome this in order to survive, and they have developed many adaptations to achieve this.

Infections caused by bacteria include tuberculosis and urinary tract infections whilst diseases that result from viruses include measles, chickenpox, common cold etc.

Bacteria are the smallest organisms contains only one cell (Medline plus, 2017).some bacteria’s are needed by the body and it makes the person as healthy whereas the infectious bacteria makes the person ill .the main types of bacteria responsible for the infections are streptococcus, staphylococcus and e-coli. The common diseases caused by bacteria are strep throat, tuberculosis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections (Mayo clinic, 2016) Antibiotics are administered for the infections caused by the bacteria.

Bacterial foodborne pathogens are serious threats facing public human health and worldwide economies. C. jejuni, C. coli, S. enterica subspecies enterica, L. monocytogenes, Shiga toxin producing E. coli, S. aureus, C. botulinum, and Shigella species are considered the major foodborne bacterial pathogens causing million cases of morbidities and mortalities per year all over the world. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant toxin-producing foodborne bacterial pathogens as enterotoxigenic MRSA, is considered a supreme threaten risk facing human health and implicated in foodborne outbreaks. In addition, C. botulinum neurotoxins are the most potent known foodborne toxin. Moreover, L. monocytogenes can colonize food processing environments for years in the niches.

Microbial life can be found everywhere like oceans, soil and buried deeply under the earth or even inside our body. This micro-organism are very tiny and can barely see with our naked eye. Microbes can have a negative and positive impacts in the society. First example is “Bacteria” a tiny and millions creatures alive and can be found anywhere and could be dangerous if spread badly and got infected. Sometimes we are scared or paranoid about bacteria or germ because it can give us illness or can spoil our food. Other example after eating a contaminated food we get sick is just because we had eaten a little bit of bacteria but if not cure this bacteria can multiply a million times inside our body because our body is warm and moist that bacteria perfect place to multiply. But not all bacteria are harmful in (Stanford University School of Medicine) some bacteria are used to make medicine, a specially modified bacteria or transgenic bacteria. These bacteria have a foreign genes along with their DNA they live and reproduce just like any other bacteria and they help by producing human protein that use in vaccines and medicines. Others put inside the capsules for us to take to fight the bad bacteria inside our body that capsules coated with protective often slimy coating to protect the bacteria inside. Second example is “Virus” a tiny piece of infectious and smaller than bacteria and need living organism just to reproduce. And can infect any alive micro-organism such us animal, plants and even bacteria and algae. Virus exists for the reason is to reproduce and if landed into appropriate cell they start to action. Other people said ones man cold could be other people nightmares. (Bhagirath Singh of director of infection and immunity CIHI) say if this viruses stay in our body for so long it most likely to develop long term chronic disease and it can be fatal for human. According to (Food and

Fungi are a group of living organisms which are classified in their own kingdom. This means they are not animals, plants, or bacteria. Unlike bacteria, which have simple prokaryotic cells, fungi have complex eukaryotic cells like animals and plants. Fungi are found throughout the Earth including on land, in the water, in the air, and even in plants and animals. They vary widely in size from microscopically small to the largest organisms on Earth at several square miles large. There are more than 100,000 different identified species of fungi.