Literature Review
An electric vehicle is a type of automotive that uses electric motors for system powering and provides propulsion. Normal vehicles consist of engines that are driven by petroleum products, petrol, kerosene or gasoline, depending on the type of vehicle in question. Electric vehicles are categorized according to the mode of operation. Some are said to be rail and road vehicles, electric aircraft, electric spacecraft and underwater and surface electric vehicles. The concept about electric vehicles bears a long history, dating to back mid 19th century. The dominance of electric vehicles in the early 1900’s was majorly due to poor roads outside urban areas as well as the high cost of gasoline-powered vehicles for the internal combustible engines or ICE’s. Later inventions of more gasoline-powered engines resulted in mass production of gasoline-powered vehicles, causing a significant reduction in the cost of the vehicles. Consequently, the number of electric vehicles reduced, and their popularity reduced immensely. The graph trends of electric vehicles have been reducing ever since. Currently, there has been a growing interest in development of electric vehicles. This is because of the environmental impacts of petroleum wastes and the rising cost and depletion of petroleum products. The general trends of the development of electric vehicle development are thus a renewed effort.
Electric vehicles have seen many improvements from the then 1900’s systems. Much has
The United States of America is one of the biggest automobile markets in the world. This trend has also created awareness for environmentalist to bring attention to rising level of pollution and emission within the cities and metropolis. As response, the U.S. Government is encouraging the automobile manufacturers to produce clean and renewable alternative vehicles that will drastically reduce pollution and emission. Subsequently, the automobile industry has witnessed a gradual introduction of environmental friendly vehicles that use clean and renewable energy to encourage less pollution and safer environment. The manufactures of these vehicles have introduced into the market three categories of electric passenger car
Electrical vehicle technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in recent years. Electric vehicle, EV, ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, like carbon and carbon dioxide, and the advantages it enjoys, such as low maintenance and running cost, can enhance its market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store a charge more long lasting, the global need continues to rise. This research proposal, therefore, aimed at addressing an issue like government involvement, can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging which can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.
Electric cars are vehicles, which, instead of internal combustion engines, are driven by electric motors and controllers. They have proved to be a good substitute for conventional vehicles and are considered as a revolutionary innovation designed to protect the earth from the damaging effects of global warming, as they work on the electricity supplying the integrated rechargeable battery that can be easily recharged. Compared to traditional means of transport, electric vehicles seem to be more viable and environmentally friendly because they do not need oil or other fossil fuels as an energy source but the high cost of such a car and other important issues of exploitation discussed in this paper make their use very doubtful comparing to the usual cars.
This book, written by Michael H. Westbrook in 2001, offers a thorough depiction of the current status, history, and the future advancement of electric cars. The Electric and Hybrid Electric Car book analyzes slants in electric auto improvement from a global viewpoint, with numerous illustrations drawing from the creator's own encounters in American and European car commercial ventures. Starting with the experimental revelations that made electric vehicle innovation conceivable at the beginning of the 20th century, author Michael H. Westbrook
The United States burns about a quarter of the world’s oil, half of which the gasoline powered automobile is responsible for (Lovins, 2004). For this reason, efficient, electrical forms of transportation are one of the key factors to limiting America’s oil dependence. Dating back to the late nineteenth century, the idea of the electric car is nothing new, however, in just recent years it has finally made significant progress. Innovations have enabled the electric vehicle to be portable and more attractive in recent years causing more people to make the switch from gas to electric. The transition from gasoline cars to electric vehicles projects significant breakthroughs for American energy including low dependence on oil and a cleaner future.
The developments of electric cars are associated with numerous benefits to the different stakeholders who are involved in their operations. Among the benefits include the environmental benefits where the use of electric cars has eliminated emission of dangerous gases that are emitted by fuel based cars. The use of electric cars also has numerous health benefits to the public as some of the gases that are realized by fuel based cars are feared to be dangerous to the human health. Wolf, Ingo et al, also explains that electric cars are economical in the long run as the cost of electricity is low than the fuel and gas prices that changes with time (269) . Due to the ease of optimizing electric cars in comparison to fuel cars, the cars are also considered to be much safer to their users in comparison to fuel cars. During accidents, some of the fuel based cars explode as the fuels are flammable.
The subject of electric vehicles has been very popular of late. There have been many articles written, and research done, to scrutinize the on-going use of combustion vehicles while convincing the populous that electric vehicles are the wave of the future for transportation needs. Sales of electric vehicles have proven this true. Over the past five years, the number of electric vehicle sold has increased dramatically. According to the Electric Drive Transportation Association, in 2010 the number of Plug-In vehicles was only 345. The number of Plug-in vehicles -
Electrical vehicles technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in the past few years. Electric vehicle ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon and carbon dioxide and the advantages it enjoys such as low maintenance and running cost can enhance it market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store charge more long lasting, the global need continue to rise. The research proposal, therefore, aim at addressing an issue like government involvement can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.
The Majority of vehicles used to this day utilize gasoline for their primary source of fuel. Because of this, electric vehicles have faced a decline in the future of their industry due to natural physics that exists in the world. Although many of the electric vehicles offer benefits, petroleum vehicles naturally outperform the electric run vehicles. This is the result of the technology of electric vehicles due to its battery capabilities, performance, impact on the environment, and the financing of the car.
Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.
An electric car is a vehicle that runs either fully or partially on electricity. These vehicles require little to no gasoline to run and uses only one moving part to operate in comparison to gasoline vehicles that require hundreds of moving parts in order to run. Electric cars have become increasingly popular in the last few years, due to being seen globally as a solution for environmental pollution and rising gas prices. These two aspects have spiked sales for electric cars by an enormous margin. Even though, electric cars are seen as the environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline vehicles, these effects are only temporary and the inconvenience and effort required to maintain an electric vehicle is more troublesome and costly than owning a
Cars have become the most common form of transportation that individuals use in their day-to-day lives. Not only is there a selection of brands to choose from, there are also different types of cars available to purchase, those being gasoline fueled, diesel fueled, electric, and hybrid cars. Each car comes with a vast amount of differences, besides the obvious power source. As well as the differences, each car also comes with its advantages and disadvantages. However, as time has progressed electric cars have become more popular and in demand. But of course with each popular and in demand item, there will certainly be pros and cons.
The world revolves around innovation and working for a better future. Without experimentation and new discoveries, the world would lack some of the most brilliant inventions that people take for granted everyday. With that being said, there is also some inventions that some say have contributed to the eventual destruction of the world. Petroleum powered vehicles are one of the many inventions that have become a huge part of everyone’s lives and has opened up a network of ways to travel and communicate with others from all over the country. On the other hand, petroleum powered cars have posed a huge threat over the years and has emerged as one of the top contributors to global warming. Electric cars have emerged as a way to solve the problem. Although, there are negative effects on the environment caused by all cars, the electric car is working to reduce the negative effects through alternative power sources and by reducing the burning of fossil fuels to power them.
Many other people continued the development and improvement of electric automobiles and for a time electric automobiles were the preferred type of Automobile because of their quiet ride, quick start-up, and lack of pollution. In fact electric automobiles held the land speed record well into the early 1900’s. However, they began to decline in the early 1900’s because of the increased prevalence and efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
Automobile industry has been rapidly shifting from the traditional gas-powered vehicles to other economic and environmentally friendly alternatives such as electric and plug-in hybrid cars. Nighthawk Motors is a fast-growing car maker company that is looking to become the number one car selling company in the world. Its latest plug-in hybrid car, the Ecostar, is equipped with latest electric-fuel engine and long lasting battery life. Although it is new to the market, the Ecostar has comparable quality and specifications to its competitors. Table 1 illustrates a side-by-side comparison of Ecostar and Toyota Prius.