14. Psychological maladjustment exists when the organism denies to awareness significant sensory and visceral experiences, which consequently are not symbolised and organised into the gestalt of self-structure. When this situation exists, there is a basic or psychological tension.
15.Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self.
These two propositions are the opposite of one another. 14 is when the individual is open and true to how he views and experiences him self and 15 is when the individual will deny or not be able to make sense of his experiencing. My client fits with proposition 15 here as she admitted to having a felt sense of anger coming into her awareness after the loss of her dad, she was unsure what was behind it and could not figure out why she was not grieving normally. Se had a fear of this anger exposing her vulnerability and was denying this was a part of her. Her view of herself was a nice, calm easy going person and not this angry person so there was an incongruence and conflict between her self concept and self.
16.Any experience which is inconsistent with the organisation of the structure of the self may be perceived as a threat, and the more of these perceptions there are, the more rigidly the self structure is organized to maintain itself. 17.Under certain
She is truly overcome with grief and overflowing with uncontrollable emotion. She is asking for sympathy and understanding when she says, "Believe that even in my deliberateness I was not deliberate." In addition, she passes the blame when she says, "Though why should I whine, / Whine that the crime was other than mine?" This suggests that she was pressured from another source -- a boyfriend, family member, or society.
People whose self-concept high incongruence makes their experience contradict with their self-perception. Relatively incongruent self-concept leads to recurrent anxiety. There for from this anxiety they display defensive behaviour in order to relate their experience with their self-concept so that it will seem quite accurate, i.e. they protect their self-concept by displaying defensive behaviour of ignoring, denying and twisting reality (Wieten, 2014).
The structure and agency debate is a common one in the field of sociology and different theorists come up with different ways of accounting for the actions of social actors. This essay takes the position that structuration solves the problem of this much contested debate. Initially key concepts and elements of structuration will be pointed out .These elements include structure, agency, social systems and power amongst many others. Subsequently, there will be engagement of a discussion of different schools of thought and finally it will be demonstrated how structuration prevails over the structure-agency debate.
In this quote, she realizes her attitude was bad when she was with her family, and since they died she realizes she didn’t stand in good faith.
She is observed to be in this stage because she is resistant to change her behaviour. Additionally, she doesn’t have the insight to determine that “people are responsible for their own behaviour and how they react to other people’s behaviour in their environment” (C. Marino, personal communication, 2001). The client stated that she would be fine if her son “stopped causing her grief”. However, when queried about her reaction to the son’s behaviour and actions, she just simply stated that the son could rectify the situation if he “would cooperate with the London people.” The client was visibly upset during the interview and wringing her hands. When she would get to the most sensitive areas of her distress, she would make a joke and laugh at herself. However, the client stressed that she was not responsible for her distress, as it was her son’s responsibility that she was upset.
12. Describe and give an example exemplifying the tension between explanations of mental illness based on the medical model and those based on the psychological model.
The relationship between structure and agency is a key discussion point in sociology. The concept was brought to life by the sociologist Georg Simmel, but has been discussed by many other famous theorists, such as Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The partnership between structure and agency are crucial to the development of society, and the process of individualization.
Her attitude changes threw out the play, she’s very confident in the beginning, she doesn’t really talk back to anyone, but as it goes on her attitude changes and she’s very upset all the time and depressed.
There are many experiences that one encounters in his or her lifetime, but only a few of these experiences are significant enough to leave an impact on our lives. It is safe to say that these experiences help shape us to be the person we are today. With these experiences, along with how we are raised, is what leads to our development as an individual; cognitively, emotionally, and spiritually and how we view the world and ourselves. These experiences leave a lasting impression, and we refer back to them when faced with difficult situations. Whether these experiences are good or bad can change the makeup of our identity, and internal perceptions.
An individual’s opinion of who and what they helps them form and develop their own individuality. It is established through the individual’s behaviour and attitude. It relates to how they view themselves and is associated with their own self-image, body image and self-esteem. Murphy (as cited by Gross, 2001) stated the self is part of the individual which is understood and know to by the individual them self. A person’s physical appearance is the first thing that is seen when they are in contact with others. If the individual feels positive and confident within themselves then this will influence the development of a strong and healthy life. This can also influence how they experience life allowing them to develop in a positive, healthy way and enabling them to build up strong relationships with others. Self concept can be based upon one’s own expectations and goals which they hold
2011, 141). When an individual is nurtured and protected, they are more likely to develop a
Strengthening of the self-concept could be brought on by using processes such as the five core aspects of self-awareness:
The first approach to self-schema development we will evaluate is Self-Discrepancy Theory (SDT) (Higgins, 1987). In this theory self-schemas develop to drive the actual self (who somebody is now) towards the ideal self (who somebody wants to be) and the ought self (who somebody should be according to others). Reflected appraisals build a network of the actual self, and this knowledge is used to move towards the ideal and ought selves. Discrepancies between actual and ideal result in dejection, and discrepancies between actual and ought result in agitation (Higgins, Bond, Klein, &
4. Object relations theorists investigate the early formulation and differentiation of psychological structure and how these inner structures are manifested in interpersonal situations