Theory Of Planned Behavior Analysis

By the person having a positive attitude and the positive subjective norm, the person will be much more likely to follow the health advice given by the Smoke Free campaign and quit smoking.

This theory was first created by Ajzen and Fishbein in 1980. This theory provides a framework to study the attitudes that support behaviours and suggests that the most important determinate of an individual’s behaviour is their behavioural intent. This is the individual’s intention to preform a certain behaviour, which is formed from a combination of their attitude towards the behaviour and the subject norm. (The subject norm is the individual’s perception of what others expect them to do).

It has substantial success in predicting a variety of behaviors (Conner & Sparks, 1996). It details the causes of an individual's decision to behave in a particular manner. Theory of Planned Behavioral is rooted in the fact that behavior reflects expected value. It aims to explain rationally motivated, intentional health and non-health behaviors. Extremely specific behavioral intentions measures that closely match the intended behaviors are used in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Behavioral intention measures can assess planning. The Theory of Planned Behavioral provides an account of the elements of behavior when both motivation and opportunity to process information are high (Conner & Armitage, 1998). Self-efficacy plays a vital role in this

Psychology is defined as the study of the human mind and mental status in order to predict and also explain aspects of human behaviour. In regards to the behaviour concerning addiction, tobacco use is considered the most highly used (and abused) legal substance nationwide. It also has the highest leading risk factors causing considerable rates in morbidity and mortality and several types of cancer, respiratory disease and heart disease; relating to why promoting behavioural change (through aspects of psychology) is considered so imperative in today 's healthcare environment. In addition, the health promotion source that this essay will be examining is the National Tobacco Campaign, aimed at altering smoking behaviours, plus the associated advertisement strategies used, and lastly the psychological theories associated.

Across both the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and its descendant the Theory of Planned Behavior, people are portrayed to behave in ways that they intended to (thus said to have planned doing as such), with their intentions dependent on how favorably they view the behavior based on what outcomes it would bring (attitudes), how people they consult with would act in the same situation (norms), and how much they believe in their ability to act (behavioral control). The causal path is then clear: People possess beliefs about their actions and act on their intentions if they find that acting out their beliefs would be worth it (both because it would bring desired outcomes, and because they intend to do so).

A theory often used in the research of individual health behavior and behavioral intentions is the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). According to this theory, the performance of any behavior depends on behavioral intention. Behavioral intention is viewed as being dependent on behavioral beliefs (e.g., attitude towards the behavior), normative beliefs, and control beliefs. Normative beliefs are beliefs about the expectations of others, and control beliefs are beliefs about the factors that may help or hinder the performance of the behavior. The framework for the study of physical activity discussed earlier by Armitage (2005) is based on this theory. That study found that behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs all contribute to physical activity behavior.

This essay will answer this question by featuring an exploration of the motivational psychological and sociological influences on the perpetuation, maintenance and cessation of smoking, primarily focusing on the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to smoking, briefly discussing the roles personality and self-efficacy play in influencing individuals’ attitudes towards smoking. The sociological aspect of this essay will examine how social factors impact individuals’ smoking behaviour, emphasising the role of gender, with reference to the Social–Learning Theory (SLT).

The key predisposing factor that influences homeless veteran’s poor choice of diet is their perceived lack of control. For this reason, the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can be used to help understand and determine the beliefs that stimulate this behavior. Previous studies have shown that homeless veterans’ exhibit constant worry over perceived lack of control in regards to diet choice (Rojas-Guyler et al., 2014), and perceived control is a major construct of the TPB. The TPB asserts that intention and perceptions of capability will govern the likelihood that individuals will execute a particular behavior (McDermott et al., 2015). Consequently, homeless veterans will display a strong intention to eat the recommended daily

This essay examines the studies of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) used to explain the underlying socio-cognitive processes involved in the intention (and/or behaviour) to engage in safe sex (i.e., use of condoms), are limited and require further studies to examine if intervention and/or behaviour has proved to be effective amongst the population. TPB can be defined as a positive social psychological model, linking beliefs and behaviours and socio-cognitive process is what the brain does with the information received and how this sources an outcome in a social situation (Burton, Westen and Kowalsi, 2014). Utilising TPB to explain the socio-cognitive process has been a key focus involved in the intention to engage in safe sex and aid in intervention programs to educate people of safe sex. A variety of research studies have been conducted to understand how TPB explains the underlying socio-cognitive process involved in the intention to encourage safe sex and gain valuable resources to intervention, utilising meta-analytic techniques, experimental interventions, univariate analyses and longitudinal studies of which are examples of four

The theory of planned behaviour develops a few assumptions that are argued as bias methodologies. For example the ‘Dob in a dealer’ campaign assumes individuals are motivated to achieve a given change in behaviour, this assumption is detrimental when researches investigate the consumer adoption behaviours. This assumption affects the result the campaign as the theory of planned behaviour will fail to incorporate a range of predictable consumer behaviours, therefore creating boundaries and providing an oversimplified result of behaviour change (Taylor and Todd, 1995). The central weakness of this campaign is that it fails to take into account the non-monetary cost of variables if a person was to stop using illegal drugs, it fails to take into account the unconscious influences on behaviour, and the utility of emotions that go beyond predictable hypothesis, hence affecting the long-term prosperity of behaviour change (Sniehotta, Presseau and Araújo-Soares,

This study investigates whether young adults prefer to minimise risk whilst maximising reward, which can be illustrated through the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study involved 696 undergraduates who had to choose between two stimuli to gain points. This was done in two stages, with 152 trials altogether. After the trials, subjects had to participate in a questionnaire to analyse how risky they perceived themselves to be. High variability and low variability results were compared and it was shown to be of significance difference in stage two. Overall, the results suggested a person’s preference was to choose the option with the least risk to gain the maximum reward as past experience and beliefs impact on a person’s choice seen through the

Either way, parents who are proactive in their children’s food consumption can vastly improve overall health. Future research can expand on this (Kitzmann et al., 2013) by conducting and measuring the benefits of longitudinal interventions, compared to short-term.

People tend to act and behave in a way that is expected of them. The elite class wears designer brands, even if they like drugstore products, because a person of their income class and social status is expected to wear the elite things only. Such behavior and cognition is also observed in smoking and its behavior of quitting. When young adults are growing, they are highly concerned about their self-image and the perception people have of them. Those individuals who are expected to not smoke, because of their values, standards and motives, are likely to stay away from smoking while those from whom their friends and family expect to smoke; they show a higher behavior of smoking. This expectancy of smoking behavior is a major determinant of why and how people initiate their smoking cycle.

The theory states that attitudes, as well as subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, will forecast whether or not someone will perform a certain behavior. An attitude refers to the degree to which an individual has a positive or negative evaluation regarding a behavior. As mentioned, one considers the outcomes of performing this specific behavior. Secondly, subjective norms center on the belief about whether people in one’s social network approve or disapprove of a behavior. One considers whether their peers think they should engage in this behavior or not. Finally, perceived behavioral control focuses on the perception of whether one can perform a certain behavior, based on its ease or difficulty. The above variables influence behavioral intention and, as a result, the actual enactment of the behavior (Azjen, 1991). As the observer experiences the desire to enact a model’s behavior, they will consider their attitude and subjective norms toward the modeled behavior, as well as their perceived ability to perform the behavior. If one’s attitude towards the behavior is favorable, peers evaluate the behavior as positive and the individual perceives the behavior as easy to enact, the individual will most likely adopt the behavior performed by the model.

Tobacco use, and its health consequences, is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide [1]. Evidence is accumulating that smoking increases the risk of cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases [2]. Despiteproven negative health effects of smoking, it is becoming more prevalent, particularly among adolescents, in the lastdecades [3]. Most researches concerned with adult smoking have reported that the majority of smokers begin to smoke early in the adolescent period, before the age of 18 years [4-6]. Adolescence is a critical period characterized by psychological and behavioral changes that may affect adolescents’ smoking behavior.Several beliefs and attitude are shaped as well in this period [7].This makes school years a crucial period to study not only the smoking prevalence and predictors, but also beliefs and attitudes of adolescents towards smoking during this period.