Top Social Factors In The Sample Of Women With Diabetes

Social determinants of cardiovascular diseases are found largely outside the healthcare systems, social factors of cause-and-effect work with traditional risk factors within the health care system to determine ones overall health.

“The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life” (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2009). The social determinants of health can be divided into 5 categories, age, sex and hereditary factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions and general socioeconomic, cultural and

When a child has diabetes, the entire family is impacted⁴. Developing an effective support system for parents is essential. Reportedly, the highest levels of stress occur during the first year of diagnosis and may lessen in the years following diagnosis as parents develop coping mechanisms¹⁰. The resulting higher levels of stress and increased perception of the burden of caring for a child may lead to negative coping mechanisms such as avoidance or emotional distance¹¹.

Although heredity plays an important role whether a person inherits diabetes and to what extent, it can be controlled through useful methods that are affordable. By changing environmental risk factors, people can reduce their risk of developing diabetes. Increasing awareness of diabetes which is a major setback for some socio-economical background and rural areas as not enough awareness is made to the general public. Identifying people at risk for the disease is also another

Many studies have examined the link between poverty and diabetes. The CDC (2015b) have identified the following as primary factors that lead an individual to have an increased risk of developing diabetes: being overweight or obese; having a parent or sibling with diabetes; having African American, American Indian, Asian American, Pacific Islander, or Hispanic American/Latino heritage; having a history of gestational diabetes; having blood pressure measuring 140/90 or higher; abnormal cholesterol; and being physically inactive.

Living with Long Term Conditions can be challenging therefore the people who have been identified for the above mentioned conditions need to have more information, support and confidence in their self which will help them to take control of their condition. Now I would like to focus my writing on one of the Long Term Conditions which is Diabetes. People with long term conditions will often feel the impact on their mental health and well being, but depending on the condition type these psychological effects and its symptoms can be different between person to person. People with the long term conditions are in the first line in developing the mental health problems than the other people. There are many factors which can be considered as triggers for the long term conditions such as depression and anxiety, but most of the people get triggered for mental health problems by knowing that they have to live with that long term condition for their entire life. The most common type of psychological effect is depression which is two, three times more in the people who have been identified as

These include hospital stay and the high rate of readmission to hospital for screening and due to complications. Medications for the patients also contribute significantly to diabetes management since the drugs are prescribed for maintenance of the condition and thus need to be taken regularly. Inpatient visits to the hospital is the leading value of cost in the management of the disease (American Diabetes Association, 2013). The people who have diabetes are sicker and weaker when compared to the general population. The cost of their health care spending is also higher than the cost for healthy individuals. On the view of indirect costs due to diabetes, there are several conditions that lead to an increase in expenditure of the patients. For instance, the likelihood of developing disabilities due to complications as a result of diabetes is quite high. The workforce is therefore negatively affected and leads to a decline in the economy of the country. Out of all the deaths reported in the year 2012, the number in which diabetes was named as the primary cause amounted to 30% diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012; National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014; American Diabetes Association, 2013). The premature deaths due to diabetes led to loss of income and loss of productivity in the country. The public therefore needs to be educated to reduce this cost as it is shown that the cost of managing diabetes is reduced when the patient has enough information about the condition. For instance, persons with better glycemic control have low levels of developing complications and report a decrease in visits to a doctor with those with uncontrolled diabetes having to visit the hospital three to eight times more (Handelsman et al.,

Diabetes is a metabolic disease and caused by high blood sugar level over a long period of time. It generally occurs when pancreas fail to produce enough insulin. Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. There are three forms of Diabetes. Type I Diabetes Mellitus, Type II Diabetes Mellitus and gestational diabetes. It is a growing epidemic and apart from the economic burden, diabetes inflicts severe societal costs in terms of decreased quality of life of people afflicted with diabetes. Social determinants of health are defined as surroundings in which people are born, live, spend their life and grow old (Healthy People 2020). The association of social determinants with disparities is important

Health promotion, and stress reduction must be promoted for all patients, especially for individuals of a minority. As care providers, it is our job to provide the resources necessary for our patients; strive for equality; and promote health throughout the lifespan. After watching the video Bad Sugar, social and economic conditions were associated with the high rate of diabetes among the Pima Indians of Southern Arizona.

In edition to acute complications of short term elevations of glucose, long term elevations of blood glucose lead to severe complications; microvascular damage resulting in heart attacks, strokes and gangrene, microvascular damage resulting in kidney damage and blindness due to retinopathy (peyrot 1999). For this reason the main goal of diabetes treatment is to maintain blood glucose as close to normal as possible. Medication is the theme of treating disease based on the biomedical outlook that disease is biological. Unfortunately, the biomedical model of medicine fails to take into consideration the social and psychological factors that play a role in the treatment of this illness. The biomedical approach fails to consider the psychologic and behavioral process involved in stress and coping with glucose control, as well as the interaction between biological and psychosocial factors and how this affects patient coherence with treatment. Studies have established that many people diagnosed with diabetes have difficulty in adapting to biomedical therapy; in order to improve health outcomes it is important to address the psychological and physical stresses of diabetes with specific adaptive and coping strategies (awah).

Studies have shown that the social and built environment can play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and self-care behaviors (Christine et al., 2015; Gebreab et al., 2017; Pasala, Rao, & Sridhar, 2010; Sidawi & Al-Hariri, 2012; Smalls, Gregory, Zoller, & Egede, 2014; Winkleby & Cubbin, 2003). Social environment includes factors such as safety, violence, social disorder, social cohesion, and collective efficacy of the neighborhood (National Research Council (US) et al., 2013). Whereas, the built environment can be defined as “environments that are modified by humans, including homes, schools, workplaces, highways, urban sprawls, accessibility to amenities, leisure, and pollution” (Pasala et al., 2010, p. 63). Studies

According to CDC, approximately 92.5 percentage of women around the world have type II diabetes. Women with diabetes face tough complications such as more chance of heart failure disease, depression, hypertension, eating disorder, and eventually death. A women's sexual health can also be disturbed, for example, if a diabetic woman wants to have a baby, she must maintain her health by doing low-impact activities, join special classes, constantly check the blood sugar level, and importantly, control the diet and be cautious (CDC,

Meaning, running studies through the neuro-endocrine, cardiovascular and immune systems for determine how individuals stimulate from chronic low levels of stress. For example, changes in cortisol, cholesterol levels, blood pressure and inflammation. Furthermore, both health-damaging behaviours and violence, for example, may be survival strategies in the face of multiple problems, anger and despair related to occupational insecurity, poverty, debt, poor housing, exclusion and other indicators of low status. These problems impact of individuals social wellbeing and care for others and there selves. Research shows that, in the United Kingdom (UK), 20%-25% of people who are obese or continue to smoke are concentrated among the 26% of the population living in poverty. Additionally, this population are also know with the highest prevalence of anxiety and depression.

In addition to the acute complications of short term elevations of glucose, long term elevations of blood glucose lead to severe complications such as microvascular damage resulting in heart attacks, strokes and gangrene, and microvascular damage resulting in kidney damage and retinopathy (Peyrot et al., 1999). Because increased glucose levels due to diabetes can cause so many serious complications, the main goal of treatment is to maintain blood glucose as close to normal as possible. In the biomedical model of disease, in which the disease is strictly biological, medication is the theme of treatment; unfortunately, this fails to consider the social and psychological factors that effect the treatment of this illness. The biomedical approach fails to recognize the relationship between psychologic and behavioral processes that are involved in stress and coping with glucose control. The biomedical model also fails to consider the interaction between biological and psychosocial factors and patient coherence with treatment. Studies have found that many diagnosed with diabetes have difficulty in adapting to biomedical therapy; in order to improve adjustment to treatment and health outcomes it is important to address the psychological and physical stresses of diabetes with specific adaptive and coping strategies (Awah, Unwin, Phillimore,

Understanding social factors in health has become a central issue recently and a large number of studies has been dedicated in this regard. Social factors are phenomena seen in the interaction between individuals and social groups. In this essay, the importance of understanding such factors and their influence on health are addressed by studying socioeconomic status. Studies results are incorporated to explain health inequalities that arise from socioeconomic status and possible explanations including the material and structural, social selection, cultural and historical explanations cited in the literature are briefly discussed.