Traditional Method Of Genomic Selection

The area where genomics has caused the biggest revolution is though livestock breeding programs. Genomics is expected to increase efficiency and quality of animal products and promises gains across the value chain (Table 2). The adoption of genomic tools and technologies is at different stages of development for the different product groups. Genomic selection for example is already widely used in the dairy industry but whereas there needs

1. Literature review 1 . 1. Traditional methods of genetic improvement Farmers have been making mate selection decisions for the improvement of livestock for generations. Whilst progress was evident, it was slow until the mid-20th century, when substantial gains in genetic improvement in both livestock and crops was observed. A good example of this progress is the increase in milk yield of US Holstein cattle which doubled from 6000kg per lactation in the 1960s to 1200kg per lactation in 2000. Up

Breeding, OUAT and WBUAFS to review on different optimal selection procedure to combine genetic gain and conserved genetic diversity to reform the selection and breeding procedure for the genetic improvement of livestock from February, 2017 to November, 2017. A number of theorems have been discussed like natural selection, response to selection based on fitness, multilevel selection, selection method, neutral theory of selection and genomic selection to explain how the animal has adopted them to evolve

Precise genomic-based classification of cancer subtypes Motivation Cancer diseases are a collection of heterogeneous disease entities, which differ substantially in clinical outcomes and risks with respect to genetic factors, environmental factors, and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, etc. Certain therapy can benefit one subgroup in survival, but maybe ineffective for another subgroup. Subtype-specific diagnostic and prognostic tools can help physicians to predict the efficacy of

completely achieved due to limitations in culture methods. Over the past decade, “Metagenomics,” which are culture-independent genomics analysis of microbes, has been developed to overcome those problems. Metagenomics are the study of the collective genomes of the members of a microbial community. This paper would bring a basic knowledge about the metagenomics, related technology applied in the field of fisheries and their application of modern genomics techniques in aquatic animal health management

is crucial for selection of the most effective treatment. Regardless of the cause of cancers, whether it is congenitally inherited or environmentally acquired, there appears to be some kind of genetic abnormalities. Classification of tumors is monumentally important; depends on how a tumor is categorized, the clinical course, prognosis and treatment are very different. In general, there are two ways to classify cancer, the traditional way and the molecular method. Traditional way is mainly based

INTRODUCTION: In recent times, infectious diseases continue to pose a major healthcare issue in developing countries making it imperative to develop logical solutions for robust and rapid diagnosis and treatment of these infections. Traditional techniques suffer from limitations, including laborious specimen processing, bulky instrumentation, and slow result readout. In view of the urgency for sensitive, specific, robust and rapid diagnostics, numerous advancements have been made in the area

taking a gene from one species and inserting it into another. The case study organism explaining transgenesis in animals will be transgenic cow. SELECTIVE BREEDING Case study done on Red-Fleshed Apples Selective breeding also called artificial selection is the process by which according to human need, animals and plants are bred for particular traits. The main aim for doing selective breeding is to pass the desired traits on to the future generations and in an attempt to produce offspring with improved

of desired traits in animals and plants. Similar to natural selection, humans have developed artificial selection where humans select the most desirable traits instead of the environment, this is what’s known as selective breeding. But in fact selective breeding does not select for the fittest phenotype like in natural selection it actually selects for the most desirable phenotypes which may cause harm to the individual. Natural selection selects against harmful alleles as they are disadvantageous

Cheminformatics analysis methods can reduce the time and cost required for parts of the drug development process, possibly making drug development faster and more efficient in general. [4-6]. Cheminformatics in Modern Drug Discovery The amount of useful chemical and biological