Trihydroxypropane

Methylsulfonylmethane, which is also known as MSM, is an organic type of sulfur. It is found in all living organisms. It is also found inside of tissue and body fluids. MSM is naturally found in fruit, vegetables, meat and milk. However, drying, heating and processing our food removes this essential nutrient. That is why people are often advised to take MSM in the form of a supplement.

The purpose of this lab is to generate an organometallic reagent in solution by reducing a ketone starting material to a tertiary alcohol using phenylmagnesium bromide. This will be accomplished by utilizing a Grignard reagent. Grignard reagents are highly polarized compounds that result in being a strong nucleophile and a strongly basic reagent. Because of this, they are highly sensitive to protic solvents. In order to not have the Grignard react with the protic solvetns, diethyl either will be used as an aprotic solvent. The product of this expirment will not be a reacmic mixture because of the symmetrical nature of the alcohol product, triphenylmethanol.

form an ester, unreacted 1-phenylethanol, and vinyl alcohol. The unreacted 1phenylethanol was separated from the ester by column chromatography and confirmed by

One test that would have helped confirm this liquid’s identity would be freezing it, while monitoring its temperature, and comparing it to the real freezing point of isopropanol alcohol (89˚C).

Mancelona, a small resort town in Antrim county Michigan, is currently experiencing the effects of one of the largest toxic plumes in the great lakes state. The toxin Trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent used to degrease metal parts, was discovered in the local water supply fifteen years ago. The manufacturer, Mt. Clemens Metal Parts, disposed of the waste after use by dumping it into the ground out back behind the plant where it leached into the ground to the water table. This uninformed method of disposal had been going on for decades. The plume is now six miles long by one mile wide in parts and is estimated to migrate 300-400 feet per year. Many residents are concerned and fear little is being done to rectify the damage and clean it up. TCE

Based on these characteristic properties, groups determined that Fraction 1 was pure isopropanol. Fraction 2 had an inconstant boiling point, a medium odor like alcohol, was flammable, had a density of about 0.93g/100cm3, and dissolved sugar slightly. Since this had an inconstant boiling point and was between plateaus, groups can determine that this was a mixture of isopropanol and water. Fraction 3 had a boiling point of about 100°C, no odor, was not flammable, a density of about

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol (1,2-DPG) is an analog of the protein kinase C (PKC)-activating second messenger diacylglycerol [1].

Groups that contained oxygen were carbonyl (C=O) and alcohol (C-OH) with each bonding present for a different activity based on the location and also with a hybridization of C-O bond. The presence of carbonyl (C=O) did appear in treated glycerol at 1645.6200 cm-1 but not in commercial glycerol. This is caused by some impurities during product oxidation of glycerol for example glyceraldehydes, dihydroxyacetone and also free fatty acids (Yong et al., 2001). The alcohol group (C-OH) also appears in treated and commercial glycerol at a spectra value of 1015.2800 cm-1 and 1038.5400

1-3-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is an industrial chemical also known as “Molly” by the younger crowd. TFMPP is made up of C11, H13, F3, and N2 and is often combined with other drugs such as benzylpiperazine (BZP), and cocaine which its then known as “X” or “Ecstasy” combining the extra chemicals enhances the effects of the drug. Some ways to consume the drug is orally, snorting, and smoking with orally being the most common. After doing research and conducting experiments TFMPP’s side effects consist of anti- aggressive, hyperthermia, and depressant in both animals and humans. While only making humans hallucinate.

The boiling point for this compound is 137 °C Pentanol is an alcohol that has a hydroxyl functional group, hydrogen bond and is very strong, therefore should have a higher boiling point since they need greater energy to overcome those bonds. The additional name for 1-pentanol is called Amyl alcohol with 5 carbon atoms and the molecular formula for 1-pentanol is C5H12O 1-pentanol is a dull liquid with an undesirable odour. There is 8 alcohols with this molecular formula. The forces between molecules that bring them together are named as intermolecular forces.

Alcohol is an organic compound, containing Oxygen, carbon and hydrogen , which is formed when any hydroxyl functional group is attached to a carbon atom (Alcohol, 2000). A hydroxyl fuctional group consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom (Alcohols, 2007). The behaviour of an alcohol molecule is usually determined by the number of functional groups it contains ( Masterton, 1989). Ethanol has a formula of C2H5OH(l), demonstrated in figure 1 below, has a melting Point of: -114°C and a boiling Point of 78.5°C. Ethanol has a heat of combustion of 1368 kJ mol-1 and its combustion equation is C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g)

In the United States, many diseases like the flu are treated easily by available drugs administered by pharmacies. However, in third world countries like Africa, medical supply is not affordable in environments festered with contaminated water supply and lack of food sources. Sub-Saharan Africa is plagued by many diseases, but the most common disease is Malaria. Malaria is a type of disease that is spread by the female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. An individual will start to experience high fevers and chills. If left untreated, the individual could possibly die (Heyneman, 2014). Antimalarial drugs are a type of treatment that can counteract this disease. Doxycycline is an antimalarial drug that is commonly used, however its

Ethylene glycol ( CAS # 107-21-1), also known as monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1,2-ethanediol, 2-hydroxyethanol, dihydroxyethanol, glycol, glycol alcohol, and ethylene alcohol , is a toxic, colorless, odorless, sweet, and viscous liquid (NLM, 2012). It is a member of the glycol family, a group of simple organic chemicals characterized by two hydroxyl (-OH) groups at adjacent positions on a hydrocarbon chain (WHO, 2002). This unique chemical arrangement contributes to: high solubility in water, lower aliphatic alcohols, glycerol, acetic acid, acetone and similar ketones, aldehydes, pyridine, and similar coal tar bases and high hygroscopicity (NLM, 2012).. Ethylene glycol has a high boiling point, low freezing point, low corrosive activity and is relatively non-volatile (NLM, 2012).

Another main chemical property that falls in place now is triglycerides. The triglycerides that are present in the oil react with the methoxide through transesterification reaction. This reaction then creates methyl esters and glycerol. The solution separates into a thin layer of biodiesel and a layer of glycerol as seen in the lab after the vial from part one sat for over 48 hours. Another important chemical property is transesterification reaction.

Oil used were lauric oil, vegetable oil and lard. Each triacylglycerol was weighed to 1.0g. Each were placed n separate round bottom flask.. 15mL of 5% alcoholic KOH was added into each flask from a burette. KOH was used in order to hydrolyze the glyceryl esters to glycerol and the potassium salts of fatty acids. Alcoholic KOH was used to allow oil be soluble in it. [1] Two to three pieces of boiling chips were added so as to prevent formation of large bubbles [1]. It was then subjected to reflux for an hour. After which, it was then cooled to room temperature. The solution was then transferred into an Erlenmeyer flask. Small amounts of hexane were added to rinse of remaining oil from the round bottom flask. It was then titrated with 0.5M HCl, using 1% phenolphthalein as the indicator. Volume of KOH used was used to determine the saponification number by using the eq. 2