Type 2 Diabetes And Pancreas Case Studies

Bckground While modern lifestyles and medical care have certainly improved the longevity of humans in the developed world, and contributed to a greater quality of life scenario, those same lifestyles have engendered a number of issues that contribute to disease. Lack of proper diet, fast food, high fat and carbohydrate diets without adequate fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol contribute to an epidemic of obesity which, in turn, contributes to a serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular issues, and even cognitive dysfunction.

One gland which has an important role in the endocrine system is the pancreas which is an organ in the upper abdomen. The pancreas has two main functions the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and nucleic acids in food therefore functions as an exocrine gland. The hormone insulin and glucagon are produced in this organ and serve as an endocrine gland .The function of these hormones being created are controlling blood sugar levels.

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The common bile duct originates in the liver and the gallbladder and produces another important digestive juice called bile. The pancreatic juices and bile that are released into the duodenum, help the body to digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Endocrine Function: The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells that create and release important hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar. Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to the functioning of key organs including the brain, liver, and kidneys.

29 million people in the United States (9.3 percent) have diabetes, and of those 29 million approximately 7.25 million are unaware that they are diabetic (www.cdc.gov). Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Diabetes can be divided into two groups: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as juvenile diabetes and is usually found in children and young adults. Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form of the disease. Type 1 diabetes restricts the body from producing insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Type 1 diabetes can be managed by using insulin therapy and other treatments to help those infected maintain insulin to convert sugars, starches and foods into energy(www.diabetes.org). Type 2 diabetes is the most common, people with Type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance meaning the body does not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas makes a surplus insulin to compensate for the lack on insulin in your body. However, over time your pancreas is not able to keep up and can not make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels(www.diabetes.org). Complications of diabetes in the long term include potential heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way in which the body processes blood sugar. Type 2 Diabetes specifically is characterized by the bodies inability to process Insulin correctly, therefore leading to increased sugar and insulin levels in the bloodstream. Individuals get this disease due to poor diets filled with high carb, high sugar, a high fat processed foods and a lack of exercise. Health consequences of Type 2 Diabetes include kidney complications, eye problems, amputation, heart disease, and even death. Type 2 Diabetes is difficult to manage because Diabetics must constantly monitor blood sugar levels. According to the Mayo Clinic, doctors may recommend type 2 diabetics to check their blood glucose levels two or more times a day.

Diabetes Type 2 is a lifelong disease that develops slowly. Type 2 diabetes causes the person fat, liver and muscle cells not to respond correctly to the hormone insulin, as a result the glucose doesn’t get into these cells to be stored in energy, which causes the levels of blood sugar in the blood to increase and eventually causing damage to the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys and heart and lead to atherosclerosis or the hardening of the arteries which causes a heart attack or stroke. Common symptoms of diabetes type 2 is fatigue, hunger because the body can’t process the food properly so its expelled through urine, increased thirst because the person keeps peeing out everything they are consuming which makes them thirsty,

Pancreas - The pancreas is a small organ located near the lower part of the stomach and the beginning of the small intestine. This organ has two main functions. It functions as an exocrine organ by

The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen that sits before the spine over the level of the belly button. It performs two important things. First off, it makes insulin, a hormone that regulates glucose levels; secondly, it makes compounds which help separate proteins. The chemicals help digestion by breaking proteins into littler parts so they can be all the more effortlessly digested by the body and utilized for vitality. Proteins leave the pancreas through an arrangement of tubes called "ducts" that associate the pancreas to the digestion systems. The pancreas sits somewhere down in the stomach and is in close vicinity to numerous important structures, for example, the small intestine (the duodenum) and the bile pipes, and in addition critical veins and nerves.

Lifestyle choices, such as exercising, losing weight and eating right are essential for diabetes management. However, a doctor may still recommend medication to someone who is suffering from diabetes. Below is a list of medications that are available for diabetes:

The only way to cure diabetes is a pancreas transplant but diabetes can be monitored and controlled. People with diabetes have to have proper nutrition. People with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus have to change their diets. Type 1 diabetics have to time when to eat meals and snacks along with taking insulin. Type 2 diabetics use a diet modifications and use medication when needed to maintain the glucose levels. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes should also follow a proper meal plan that is safe for herself and the baby. It’s best for diabetics to eat every 4 or 5 hours so their sugar levels will be in the normal range. The type of meal a diabetic should eat is half the plate should consist of vegetables that are not high in starch like jalapenos, cooked carrots, cooked cabbage, cooked eggplant, cooked broccoli, tomatoes, cooked spinach, and cooked peppers.

Diabetes is an increasingly common disease that takes many lives each year. “In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes.” (Statistics…) 29.1 MILLION Americans had this terrible disease in 2012. That is a lot. But, you may be wondering, what exactly is diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic, deadly disease which is quickly spreading across the United States, and it is a large problem in our country and community.

Type 2 diabetes is a very well known disease throughout the US. There are about 27 million people in the US with the disease and 86 million others have prediabetes which means their blood glucose is not right but also not high enough to be diabetes yet. 208,000 people under the age of twenty have been diagnosed with either Type 1 or 2 Diabetes.

An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.

The main function of the pancreas is maintaining blood glucose levels to about 70-150 milligrams per decilitre. The pancreas does this by measuring if the blood sugar level is too high or low, if it is not the correct level then a hormone is released. If the blood sugar level is too high insulin is released from the beta cells and causes glucose to enter body cells to be used for energy but sometimes can stimulate glucose to turn to glycogen in the liver. However, if it is too low then glucogen is released into the blood which causes the stored glycogen in the liver to break down