Uranium in Geobacter and Its Effects Essay

Deinococcus radiodurans is a member of the bacteria kingdom, belonging to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, and more specifically, the Deinococus genus. It is spherical in shape, and approximately 1.5 to 3.5 µm in diameter. It is usually found in tetrad formation: where four individual cells stick together. D. radiodurans isn 't known the cause any diseases, nor does it form endospores, and it stains gram positive. It is non-motile, and an obligate aerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. What makes D. radiodurans so unique, is its ability to withstand ionizing radiation, UV light, desiccation, and even oxidizing and reducing agents. When D. radiodurans was first discovered in 1956 by Arthur Anderson, it showed only a fraction of its amazing survivability. While Anderson was performing experiments to determine if canned food could be purified when exposed to high doses of gamma radiation: the meat still spoiled and from it D. radiodurans was isolated. Due to the fact that D. radiodurans can survive in such toxic situations, and that it is found in a wide variety of environments, scientists have long been toying with the idea of using D. radiodurans for bioremediation.

While SB samples had a greater abundance of Acidobacteria snf DA052 compared to HH1 samples, the situation was reversed in the case of Solibacteres, with HH1 samples showing greater relative abundance. Spartobacteria, Armatimonadia, and Nostocophycideae were found to be represented more at HH1 than at SB or RP, but higher numbers of Ktedonobacteria were seen at RP and SB than at HH1. The relative proportion of Gammaproteobacteria also was higher at HH3 and SB than at HH1 (Table 1S).

One of Uranium’s largest environmental impacts is the quality and quantity of surface water near Uranium mines. Once Uranium is extracted from mills, a significant amount of Uranium products are released into rivers and lakes. This significantly increases the concentration of Uranium in surface water. Radon, a product produced from the decaying of Uranium, if consumed by the animals, can create serious lung and stomach issues. Inhaling radon has a similar effect. Uranium, once the material dissolves into the soil, can also significantly influence the soil quality in a given area. Soil, after this process, can’t provide moisture for plant growth and many underground living organisms die. Considering the Olympic Dam Mine is next to a large river, these issues are occurring more and more near the

The use of autonomous and robotic systems (drones, hexapod, and rovers), will be implemented to do research on radiation contamination levels on the Navajo Reservation in New Mexico. Accordingly, uranium (U) mining occurred on the Navajo Reservation for over 40 years (1944-1986) where over 30 million tons were extracted on Navajo Territory. To clarify, uranium is a metal element found in different parts of the universe, having the characteristics of nuclear energy that emits radiation. However, due to the slow process of radioactive decay, radiation contamination is harmful to the environment, and the general population when in contact causing harmful life-threatening illnesses. In addition, radioactive decay lasts for several years, to billions of years. Consequently, contamination has left over 500 abandoned mines, homes, and drinking water with elevated levels of radiation on the Navajo Reservation. In contrast, contamination results in lung cancer, bone cancer, and impaired kidney function from exposure in radionuclides in drinking water. The use of

Once these mines were abandoned water slowly began to fill these mines. The water came in contact with all of the leftover minerals, including sulfide, and chemicals began to dissolve into the water. This process of dissolving chemicals into the water essentially turned the water into acid (1). Once the mines finally filled, water began to pour out of the mines into the surrounding area, mostly into a body of water now known as “Tar Creek” (1). This creek then spread the contaminated water throughout the community and into numerous water sources.

Uranium can be found in a lot of places in small quantities such as rocks, soil, and water. However, its harder to find uranium in amounts that are worth the trouble.

The radioactive elements and huge concentration of salt that is injected into the shale rocks concerns the nation because they’ve seen cases to when those chemicals have found their way into our water and even our air. In results of this problem- biology professor Robert Jackson, discusses in Source D- how he, along with some researchers, analyze two hundred private wells of residents in

The first way to mine uranium is open pit mining or also known as strip mining. Open pit mining is the removal of the top soil and the rocky soil to get to the ore. This kind of mining can only happen if the uranium is near the surface (less than 400 feet normally). Underground mining is the second way you can mine Uranium. Underground Mining is used to get higher amounts of uranium that are too deep to get from an open pit mine. In underground mining the ore is drilled, then blasted to make debris which is then transported to the surface

South Dakota was one of the states that provided a great amount of uranium to be used during the 50’s, 60’s and the Cold War era. The demand of uranium increased and the constructions of mines were also increased. One of the areas that needed uranium was the military to be used in weapons ammunition and vehicles. Most of these mines were abandoned and the contamination spread around the nearby land and waters. “An earlier study of Forest Service land, on which the old mines from the 1950s and 1960s are located, found levels of arsenic, uranium and other contaminants in concentrations higher than what occurs naturally” (Walker, 2007). Some of these waste was carry down by rain precipitation to areas away from the mine. Indian reservations were affected by the mine contamination and

Uranium mining in and near the Grand Canyon will be devastating to the complex ecosystem found in the park and will also have a damaging effect on visitors’ experiences. Uranium mining produces toxic waste that if not managed properly will leak into the groundwater systems. This threatens not only the local animal and plant life but also people who use the watershed for their drinking water. Individuals should consider the detrimental effects of additional noise and air pollution produced by the mining operations, the very serious threat of what a contaminated aquifer would mean to the Park’s health and the health of the 20 million people who live downstream. Additionally mining operations will need to install roads and buildings to support

Nearly 40 years of nuclear weapons production at Rocky Flats had left facilities, groundwater, soil, and surface waters contaminated with chemical and radioactive substances that posed potential health and safety risks to the public and workers” (Rocky Flats Plant (USDOE)). Accidents at those sites further contribute to environmental contamination. “Manufacturing activities, accidental industrial fires and spills, and support activities including waste management resulted in the release of hazardous and radioactive substances, hazardous wastes, and hazardous waste constituents to air, soil, sediment, groundwater, and surface water at Rocky Flats.” (Rocky Flats Plant (USDOE)). Similar to the contamination that is spread by the detonation of the atomic bomb, the contaminations caused by the manufacturing plants also have a very long half-life which means the contamination recovery from these sites will take a significant amount of time as well.

Uranium was discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789. Klaproth was a German Chemist that discovered Uranium in a mineral call pitchblende. It was named after Uranus, the planet, which had been discovered eight years earlier. Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per million and is common in the Earth’s crust. This highly density element is used in keels of yachts and as counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as well as for radiation shielding. This element principal uses is in fuel for nuclear reactors and the main raw material for nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium is the waste product of uranium enrichment in nuclear reactors. It is the residue left in massive quantities when bomb-grade uranium is

The identification of bacteria is a fundamental objective of microbiologists. It is essential to distinguish specific bacterial properties to understand the environment, physiology and disease. As new bacterial species emerge and existing ones evolve into different strains, it is imperative that microbiologists continue to isolate bacteria from the field, identify their findings and research newly discovered forms. Their discoveries can then be used to evaluate the types of microbial life that may be found in certain environments and the corresponding benefits or risks to those that dwell in those areas.

Uranium is a naturally occuring chemical element that can be mined from ore in many parts of the Southwestern United States where

Mohan, Arvind Murali, Et Al. "The Functional Potential Of Microbial Communities In Hydraulic Fracturing Source Water And Produced Water From Natural Gas Extraction Characterized By Metagenomic Sequencing." Plos One 9.10 (2014): 1-12. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2016.